沈阳细河与白塔堡河水质空间分布特征研究

了解辽河流域水污染防治重点区域浑河沈阳段支流河污染特征，采用2012年细河与白塔堡河枯水期18个采样点10个水质指标数据，应用主成分分析(PCA)、聚类分析(CA)、判别分析(DA)和基于GIS平台的克里格插值法(Kriging)，对细河与白塔堡河水质空间分布特征进行研究。主成分分析结果表明，白塔堡河前3个主成分对应的特征值的累积方差贡献率达到85.10%，主要污染物为NH₄⁺-N浓度、Chl-a浓度、pH等；细河前四个主成分对应的特征值的累积方差贡献率达到91.24%，主要污染物为NH₄⁺-N浓度、TN浓度、pH、EC等。空间差异性分析表明，白塔堡河中下游采样点周边区域水质指标数值高于上游采样点周边区域，有机污染突出，重污染区域位于白塔堡河汇入浑河段；细河上游采样点周边区域水质指标数值高于下游采样点周边区域，氨氮污染严重，重污染区域位于细河源头段。

Study on Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Water Quality in Xihe River and Baitapu River of Shenyang

In order to investigate the pollution characteristics of Shenyang section of Hunhe River, a key zone for Liao River Basin water pollution control, various methods including principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), discriminant analysis (DA) and GIS-based Kriging methods were used to analyze data sets of water quality for 10 parameters monitored at 18 different sites of Xihe River and Baitapu River in the dry season to determine spatial distribution patterns of the water quality. PCA results showed that the eigenvalues of the first three principal components of Baitapu River corresponded to the cumulated variance contribution ratio of 85.10%, with the main pollutants being ammonia nitrogen concentration and chlorophyll-a concentration, pH, etc. The eigenvalues of the first four principal components of Xihe River corresponded to the cumulated variance contribution ratio of 91.24%, and the main pollutants being ammonia nitrogen concentration, total nitrogen concentration, pH, electrical conductivity, etc. Spatical difference analysis showed that the water quality index of sample points in the surrounding area of middle and lower reaches of Baitapu River was higher than that of sample points in the surrounding area of the upstream. The organic pollution of Baitapu River was outstanding, and the heavy pollution areas were located at the section from Baitapu River into Hunhe River. The water quality index of sample points in the surrounding area of upstream of Baitapu River was higher than that of sample points in the surrounding area of the downstream. The ammonia-nitrogen pollution of Xihe River was heavy and the heavy pollution areas were located at the upstream of Xihe River.