欧盟最佳可行技术（BAT）实施经验及其启示

为了全面提高环境技术管理水平，我国“十一五”启动了一批BAT指南编制试点工作。针对我国已经开展部分BAT工作存在调研工作量大、收集技术信息不全面、缺乏有效的创新技术推广机制、筛选BAT不能很好引导技术发展方向的问题，详细分析了欧盟BAT含义、BAT参考文件作用、BAT实施过程以及信息交流机制，总结了欧盟BAT在法律法规中的地位、技术信息来源的方式、技术筛选的方法以及对新技术的激励机制方面的实施经验，指出我国BAT体系建设亟待建立BAT推广应用的法律基础、技术信息交流平台、技术工作组和专家组以及促进新技术发展的验证评估机制，从而实现BAT对环境管理的技术支撑作用。

The Implementation Experience and Its Enlightenment of Best Available Techniques (BAT) in European Union

In order to improve the management level of the environment technology, trial work of compiling a batch of best available techniques (BATs) guidelines were initiated in China in the Eleventh Five-year Plan Period. The current development of BATs in China showed that the investigation work was large, the technical information collected was not comprehensive, it lacked the innovative technologies promotion mechanism, the BATs screened out could not effectively guide the direction of the technology development. The implications of BATs in European Union (EU), the role of BAT reference documents, the implementation process and the information exchange mechanism were analyzed in detail. The role of BATs in laws and regulations, the sources of the technical information, the screening methods of BATs and the incentive mechanisms for innovative technologies in EU were summed up. It was pointed out that, in order to achieve the technology support of BAT for the environmental management, the legal basis for the application of BAT system, the technical information exchange platform, the technical working groups and the expert groups, and the verification mechanism to promote the development of new technologies should be established urgently in China.