基于MATLAB模拟的石化企业蒸馏装置泄漏扩散环境风险分析

为快速评估石化企业蒸馏装置突发性泄漏事故可能产生的环境风险，基于危险物质泄漏和扩散模型，应用MATLAB软件编程，计算得到了在一定泄漏时间后泄漏出的原油蒸气在无风和有风两种气象条件下的扩散结果，并将结果可视化。在两种气象条件下泄漏出的原油蒸气最高浓度分别出现在泄漏源处和距泄漏源1 200 m处，并得到了相应的扩散浓度等高线图。在可能发生爆炸的事故区内，事故超压可使周围的设备不同程度的燃烧或变形，爆炸区域上空的大气环境也会受到一定程度的影响。在不同超压半径内的人员受体也会受到不同程度的伤害，半径为90.3 m范围内的人员全部死亡，半径为145.4 m范围内的人员造成重伤。爆炸事故中未完全燃烧的烷烃和非爆炸事故区的原油蒸气也会对周围环境造成影响，并对人员造成不同程度的健康伤害。

Analysis of Environmental Risk of Leakage and Diffusion of Distillation Column in Petrochemical Enterprises Based on MATLAB

In order to fast assess the environmental risks of emergency leakage from the distillation columns in petrochemical enterprises, the diffusion results of crude oil vapor under both calm and windy conditions were obtained and then visualized by applying the software MATLAB based on hazardous substance leakage and diffusion models. Under the two types of meteorological conditions, the maximum concentrations of the released crude oil vapor were found at release source and at the point in the distance of 1 200 m from the release point respectively. The figures of concentration contours were obtained based on simulating calculations. In the possible explosion areas, the facilities around the explosion sites could be on fire or deformed because of overpressure, and the atmospheric environment over the explosion sites would be polluted. People in different radius ranges of overpressure would be damaged by different degrees. People would all get to death within a radius of 90.3 m of explosion accident and would be heavily injured within a radius of 145.4 m. The alkane from incomplete combustion of the explosion accidents and the crude oil vapor beyond the explosion areas would also have some adverse effects on the people’s health and the surrounding environment.