鄱阳湖水污染现状调查及防治对策

利用近20余年鄱阳湖水质数据和人类活动情况等资料，系统分析了鄱阳湖水质演变趋势、污染特征及其面临的严峻形势，并根据污染影响因素提出了相应的防治措施。结果表明：鄱阳湖水质总体为中营养水平，近年来下降趋势明显；空间上呈现南部污染较重北部较轻的格局，在时间分布上为丰水期水质优于枯水期。鄱阳湖水污染形势严峻，人口压力、建设生态经济区和水利枢纽工程均可能对鄱阳湖水质产生较大影响。优化三峡水库和“五河”调度方案；优化产业结构，减少污染物排放；确立和实施差异性区域环境准入与排放标准等是解决鄱阳湖水污染问题的重要途径。

Investigation on Pollution Situation and Countermeasures in Poyang Lake

Based on the water quality and human activity data in Poyang Lake in over twenty years, the evolution trend of water quality, the pollution characteristics and the severe situation were analyzed systematically, and the corresponding prevention and control measures proposed according to various pollution factors. The results show that the water quality of Poyang Lake is in the middle nutritional level with the trend of decreasing in recent years. In terms of spatial distribution of water quality, the pollution level in south area is more serious than that in north area, and in terms of the temporal distribution, the high water period is better than that in low water period. The serious water pollution, the huge population pressure and the construction of ecological and economic zones and water control projects yield great potential threats to the water quality in Poyang Lake. The key measures to solve the water pollution problem in Poyang Lake were proposed, such as optimizing the Three Gorges Reservoir and the regulating scheme in "Five Rivers" basin, adjusting the industrial structure and reducing the pollutant discharge, and establishing basin-specific environmental access thresholds and pollutant discharge standards.