石羊河流域水资源问题的制度原因及对策

文章从制度角度分析了石羊河流域的水资源问题并提出了对策。在分析石羊河流域水资源及其开发利用和现行管理体制的基础上认为:水资源问题的制度原因是传统的发展模式导致部门间水资源供需矛盾紧张;区域管理体制导致上下游地区间水资源冲突频繁;忽视和挤占环境用水导致生态环境严重恶化;不透明的补贴方式扭曲价格信号和影响水资源需求;区域内分散的管理体制加剧了流域水资源问题。因此,从制度上解决石羊河流域的水资源问题,需要推行流域水、土地、森林资源统一管理,制定《石羊河流域管理条例》,改革现行资源管理体制,建立透明的补贴机制和合理的价格机制。

Institutional Causes and Countermeasures for Water Problems in Shiyang River Basin

Institutions are the causes of many water problems.The unreasonable institutional set-tings result in low efficiency and high transaction costs of the system,as well as many water problems.But the institutional options for the water problems could not be fully addressed by the water sectoral reform,because institutional reforms are not only controlled by the sector. This paper analyzes the water problems and put forwards counter measures in the Shiyang River basin from an institutional aspect.Based on the reviews of current water resources development and utilization, and management institution,it identifies that the problems in water resources management in the river basin are that the traditional development model resulted in severe sectoral water shortage,regional and secotral management institutions caused frequent water conflicts between upstreams and downstreams,the neglecting and forcibly occupying environmental water usage aggravated the eco-environment,the nontransparent subsidies distorted water tariff and demand,etc.Therefore,to address these problems,it should implement integrated management of water,land and forestry resources,formulate"Shiyang River Basin Management Regulations",reform current management institutions,and develop transparent subsidy and rational pricing mechanisms.The paper also suggests to expand the functions of Shiyang River Basin Management Bureau.