山东半岛蓝色经济区海域生态环境综合评价

海域生态环境评价作为承载力研究的基础,在近海生态管理中得到了广泛关注. 针对海洋生态环境研究中评价指标体系简单、标准相对单一及不利于实际应用等问题,以生态系统为研究视角构建了基于环境因子和生态响应的近海生态环境综合评价指标体系与指数计量方法,根据环境因子指数和生态响应指数在交叉判断矩阵中的位置,将近海生态环境状态分为优、良、中、差和劣5个等级,并将该方法应用于山东半岛蓝色经济区海域评价. 结果表明:研究海域整体环境因子指数为0.41~0.84(平均值为0.67),生态响应指数为0.17~0.75(平均值为0.45),综合评价等级为良,但已非常接近中等级别；其生态环境问题主要表现为溶解无机氮负荷较高、重金属和浮游动物密度负荷过低. 不同海域生态环境状态存在明显差异,25个近岸海域中等级优和良的共占60%,主要分布在山东半岛东部和西南部；海域等级为中和差的各占16%,另有8%海域等级为劣. 该评价模型与方法从生态环境整体性揭示海域存在问题,可为山东半岛蓝色经济区建设提供科学依据. 

An Integrated Methodology for Assessment of Marine Eco-Environment Status in the Blue Economic Zone of Shandong Peninsula of China

Due to limited carrying capacity of marine ecosystems, the proper balance between economic development and ecological environment is a major contention. As the basis of the carrying capacity research, the marine eco-environment status assessment has been widely used in coastal management. However, few methodologies take all the elements into consideration in a single evaluation. Therefore, based on environmental factors and ecological responses, an integrated indicator system and indices measuring methodology were developed to assess marine eco-environment status in coastal waters exclusively from a marine ecosystem level. According to the index of environmental factors and ecological responses in the combination matrix, the eco-environment status was classified into five levels including high, good, moderate, poor and bad. As an example, the eco-environments in 25coastal water bodies along the Blue Economic Zone of Shandong Peninsula of China were studied. The results showed that, generally, the environmental factor indices ranged from 0.41to 0.84with an average of 0.67, and the ecological response indices ranged from 0.17to 0.75with average of 0.45, which means it was at the good level but approaching moderate. The main eco-environmental problems were the overload of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, contamination of heavy metals and extremely low zooplankton density. The eco-environment status varied in different areas, with the higher ones (60%), which were rated as high or good level, mainly located in the east and the southwest of the Shandong Peninsula. The analysis results indicated that 16% of coastal water bodies were moderate, 16% were poor, and 8% were bad. The analytical process and the results provide an integrated tool for ecosystem-based management of the Blue Economic Zone of Shandong Peninsula of China.