菲的淡水沉积物环境预测无效应浓度推导

近年来PAHs(多环芳烃)因其持久性、生物蓄积性和毒性而备受关注. 菲是我国沉积物中普遍检出的一种优控PAHs,具有独特的“K”区和“湾”区结构,常作为研究PAHs环境效应的模式化合物. 以菲为研究对象,搜集、整理其对我国本土水生生物的急、慢性毒性数据,运用TGD(欧盟风险评价技术导则文件)推荐的平衡分配法,推导菲的淡水PNEC_sed(沉积物环境预测无效应浓度,以干质量计). 结果表明:共获得4门7科的17个急性毒性数据和5门7科的10个慢性毒性数据；物种敏感性分析显示,鱼类对菲较为敏感. 采用平衡分配法推导菲的淡水PNEC_sed为256.9 μg/kg,该值可为我国水体沉积物中菲的生态风险评价提供参考.比较结果显示,我国大部分淡水沉积物中实测w(菲)未超过PNEC_sed,其生态风险较小；巢湖和黄河兰州段个别采样点的w(菲)超过菲的淡水PNEC_sed,分别是菲的淡水PNEC_sed的1.02和3.23倍,高w(菲)可能会对水生生物造成危害. 

Derivation of Predicted No Effect Concentrations for Phenanthrene in Freshwater Sediments

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have received increased attention in recent years due to their persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity. Phenanthrene is a priority PAH widely detected in sediments in China. Since phenanthrene has a “K-region” and a “bay-region,” it is commonly used as a model compound to study the environmental effects of PAHs. Acute and chronic toxicity data of native aquatic species to phenanthrene in China were collected and screened. The predicted no effect concentrations (PNEC_sed) for phenanthrene in the freshwater sediments was derived according to the equilibrium partitioning method recommended by the EU technical guidance document on risk assessment (TGD). The results showed that 17 acute toxicity data from four phyla and seven families and ten chronic toxicity data from five phyla and seven families were available. Species sensitivity analysis indicated that fishes were sensitive to phenanthrene. The PNEC_sed for phenanthrene was 256.9 μg/kg, which provides a reference for ecological risk assessment for phenanthrene in sediments in China. Environmental risk assessment carried out with the derived PNEC_sed for freshwater sediments in China revealed that the ecological risk of phenanthrene in freshwater sediments was acceptable. Concentrations of phenanthrene in some samples from Chao Lake and the Lanzhou section of the Yellow River exceeded the PNEC_sed by 1.02 and 3.23 times, respectively, which might be harmful to aquatic organisms.