中国农业可持续发展的现实路径

作为中国可持续发展总体战略的重要组成和优先领域,农业可持续发展是我国现代农业发展的理性抉择和根本出路。农业可持续发展的实质是谋求农业生态系统中各要素及其相关各系统之间、系统与外部环境之间的有序化与整体性持续运作,其核心是保持农业系统的良性循环和生产力的可持续性。当前我国现代农业可持续发展的困境和挑战主要表现为:农业经营制度的先天不足和设施装备的落后使得农业发展根基不牢;人力、资本及科技等要素的缺失导致农业发展支撑力量严重不足;耕地和水资源短缺成为制约农业持续发展的瓶颈;农业生产与市场需求的结构性失衡及农产品质量安全问题使得最终产品难以满足社会需求。从可持续发展理念出发,本文认为中国特色现代农业发展的现实路径应立足于中国现实的资源及社会约束条件,着重从以下几个方面入手,即重视人力资本培育;大力推进农业合作化;加快农村金融创新;提升农业科技水平;发展劳动密集型农业;践行生态农业理念。

Practical Path for Sustainable Development of Chinese Agriculture

As the important composition and first domain of Chinese sustainable development overall strategy, the agricultural sustainable development is the rational choice and practical path of China's contemporary agricultural development. The essence of agriculture is to seek the ordering and the continuous operating of the integrity of various essential factors and various related systems, the system and the external environment in the agriculture is to maintain the positive circulation of productivity the agricultural system. But sustainable development of the Chinese contemporary agriculture has difficulties and challenges: The insufficiency of management system and backwardness of facilities cause the weak agricultural development foundation; flaws of essential factors such as manpower, capital, and science and technology cause the insufficient support of agricultural development; shortage of the farming land and the water resources becomes the bottleneck restricting sustainable development of agriculture; the imbalance of the agricultural production and the market demands, and the agricultural product quality security problems cause that the final products can not meet the social needs. Authors thought the practical path of the Chinese modern agricultural development with its own characteristics should be based on the following aspects: pay attention to human capital cultivation, advance the cooperativization of agriculture, speed up the rural finance innovation, promote science and technology level of agriculture, develop labor-intensive agriculture,and fulfill the idea of the ecological agriculture in practice.