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Relation of baseflow to row crop intensity in Iowa
Institution:1. Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining & Information Sharing of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Centre of Geospatial Information Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China;2. Community and Regional Planning Program, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68558, NE, USA;1. Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, USA;2. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA;1. USDA-ARS Soil Drainage Research Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Dr., Columbus, OH 43210, United States;2. University of Waterloo, Department of Geography and Environmental Management, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;3. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs, 667 Exeter Rd., London, ON N6E 1L3, Canada;4. Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3C2, Canada;5. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;6. Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Dr., Huntington, WV 25755, United States;1. University of Hawai‘i Mānoa, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, 1910 East-West Road, Sherman 101, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States;2. USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 60 Nowelo Street, Hilo, HI 96720, United States;3. Principia College, Biology and Natural Resources Department, Elsah, IL 62028, United States
Abstract:Increasing baseflow and baseflow percentage over the second half of the 20th century in Iowa has contributed to increasing nitrate-nitrogen concentrations measured in Iowa rivers because nitrate is primarily delivered to streams as baseflow and tile drainage. The relation of baseflow and baseflow percentage to row crop land use was evaluated for 11 Iowa rivers and their watersheds for their period of streamflow record (58–73 years period). Results indicated increasing baseflow in Iowa’s rivers is significantly related to increasing row crop intensity. A 13–52% increase in row crop percentage in many Iowa watersheds has contributed to an increase of 33–135 mm increase in baseflow and 7–31% increase in baseflow percentage. Limited historical water quality data from two larger Iowa rivers (Cedar and Raccoon rivers) suggest that increasing row crop land use over the 20th century has produced more baseflow and contributed to increasing nitrate concentrations in Iowa’s rivers.
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