电控膜生物反应器技术回顾与展望

电控膜生物反应器（Electrical membrane bioreactor,eMBR）在膜生物反应器中引入电极反应、电场效应,将膜分离技术、微生物降解以及电化学水处理技术有机结合,提升出水水质、减缓膜污染、强化产生物气,对构建"碳中和"型污水处理技术模式具有重要科学意义和应用价值.近年来,膜材料科学和反应器设计不断发展,推动eMBR技术进步,在强化污染物去除、电化学控制膜污染和微生物电化学响应原理方面取得重要进展;对eMBR的研究出现新态势：注重导电膜/膜电极材料研制与应用、回收污水中资源与能源、短流程-无药剂的反应器构造和工艺设计.本文总结回顾了国内外相关研究,分析了eMBR的基本特征和优势功能,重点关注膜污染电控原理以及微生物的电场响应机制,并展望了eMBR的发展趋势,以期推动电驱动膜分离技术的研究与应用.

Review and prospect of electrical membrane bioreactor technology

Electrical membrane bioreactor (eMBR) introduces electrode reaction and electric field into membrane bioreactor, which combines membrane separation technology, microbiol degradation and electrochemical technology, leading to the improvement of effluent water quality, reduction of membrane fouling, and the enhancement of the gas production. It has exhibited important scientific significance and application value for constructing "carbon neutral" sewage treatment technology. In recent years, the continuous improvements in membrane material science and reactor design have facilitated the development of eMBR technology, and made important progress in strengthening the removal of pollutants, electrochemical control of membrane fouling and microbial electrochemical response mechanism. New trends have emerged in the eMBR research that the investigations are now focusing on the development and application of conductive membrane/membrane electrode materials, the recovery of resources and energy in sewage, and the design and construction of short-process-no-dosage reactor. This article reviews the relevant research, analyzes the basic characteristics and advantages of eMBR, focuses on the electrical control mechanism of membrane fouling and the response of microorganisms to electric field. The prospect of eMBR has been discussed as well, for the sake of promoting the development and application of electrically driven membrane separation technology.