酸性矿山废水影响下水库细菌群落结构特征与环境因子关系

为揭示酸性矿山废水（Acid mine drainage，AMD）影响下水库水体中细菌群落结构特征及影响因子，对贵州省兴仁市3座受AMD影响与1座未受AMD影响水库样品进行了对比研究，利用16S rDNA高通量测序技术分析揭示细菌群落结构特征，并通过冗余分析（Redundancy analysis，RDA）探明影响水体细菌群落变化的主要环境因子.结果表明，受AMD影响水库水体中各主要阳离子（Ca²⁺、Na⁺、Mg²⁺、Fe²⁺、Mn²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、Ni²⁺）、SO₄^2-浓度及电导率值均高于未受AMD影响的水库，而DOC和pH值均低于未受AMD影响的水库.变形菌门（Proteobacteria）是受AMD影响水库水体的主要细菌门类，在3个受影响的水库中均占比95%以上.在属分类水平上，红杆菌属（Rhodobacter）、不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）、假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）和铁氧化细菌属（Ferrovum）是受AMD影响水库水体中的主要菌属；未受AMD影响水库水体细菌群落中，放线菌门（Actinobacteria）和变形菌门（Proteobacteria）为主要细菌门类，占比分别为48%和29%，主要菌属为发光杆菌属（Ilumatobacter）、不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）.分析表明，受AMD影响水库细菌群落结构特征与未受AMD影响水库细菌群落存在明显差异，推测DOC、pH及Na⁺浓度对此差异起主导作用.本研究可为科学认识受AMD影响水体微生物群落与环境因子之间的关系提供依据.

Characteristics of bacterial community structure in the reservoir affected by acid mine drainage and its relationship with environmental factors

To uncover the structure and composition of bacterial communities in the reservoir influenced with acid mine drainage (AMD), water composition analysis, the Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing and redundancy analysis (RDA) were applied on samples from 3 AMD- affected and 1 non-AMD- affected reservoirs in Xingren City, Guizhou. The results showed that the contents of main cation (Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺, Mn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Ni²⁺) and SO₄^2- ion, as well as value of electrical conductivity in the water from the reservoir influenced with AMD were higher than those of the reservoir without AMD influence, while the values of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and pH lower than those without AMD influence. Proteobacteria was the dominant bacterial phylum in the water in all three reservoirs influenced with AMD, accounting for more than 95% of bacterial phylum, while at the level of genus, Rhodobacter, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and Ferrovum were the dominant bacterial genera. Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the main bacterial phylum in the control reservoir, accounting for 48% and 29%, respectively, while the dominant bacterial genera were Ilumatobacterter and Acinetobacter. The bacterial community structure in the reservoir affected by AMD was significantly different from that in the control reservoir, and this difference was mainly attributed to the differences in pH and the concentrations of DOC and Na⁺. This study provides the basis for scientific understanding of the relationship between microbial communities and environmental factors such as AMD influences in the reservoirs.