VIEWS OF NATURE AND SELF-DISCIPLINE: EVIDENCE FROM INNER CITY CHILDREN |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany;2. Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany;3. Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children''s Hospital, Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany;4. Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), School of Health and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia;5. Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney, Australia;6. School of Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University and the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China;7. IUF, Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany;8. Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dr. von Hauner Children''s Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany;9. Department of Environmental Immunology/Core Facility Studies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Leipzig, Germany;10. Department of Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany;11. Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, Wesel, Germany;12. Allergy and Lung Health Unit, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;1. Landscape Architecture, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;2. Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taiwan;3. Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 611 E. Taft Drive, 101 Buell Hall, Champaign, IL 61820, USA;1. University of Applied Sciences Leiden, The Netherlands;2. VU Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. University of Groningen, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | Children growing up in the inner city are at risk of academic underachievement, juvenile delinquency, teenage pregnancy, and other important negative outcomes. Avoiding these outcomes requires self-discipline. Self-discipline, in turn, may draw on directed attention, a limited resource that can be renewed through contact with nature. This study examined the relationship between near-home nature and three forms of self-discipline in 169 inner city girls and boys randomly assigned to 12 architecturally identical high-rise buildings with varying levels of nearby nature. Parent ratings of the naturalness of the view from home were used to predict children's performance on tests of concentration, impulse inhibition, and delay of gratification. Regressions indicated that, on average, the more natural a girl's view from home, the better her performance at each of these forms of self-discipline. For girls, view accounted for 20% of the variance in scores on the combined self-discipline index. For boys, who typically spend less time playing in and around their homes, view from home showed no relationship to performance on any measure. These findings suggest that, for girls, green space immediately outside the home can help them lead more effective, self-disciplined lives. For boys, perhaps more distant green spaces are equally important. |
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