Photochemical oxidants: state of the science |
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| Authors: | Kley D Kleinmann M Sanderman H Krupa S |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Extremadura, Av. de Elvas, s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;2. Centro de Tecnologías Ambientales, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. de España, Valparaíso, Chile;1. Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi''an 710061, China;2. School of Physics and Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland;3. Centre for Atmospheric and Marine Sciences, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen 361024, China;4. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai 200030, China;5. The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;6. Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi''an, 710049, China;7. RCE-TEA, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;8. Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China;9. School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China |
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| Abstract: | Atmospheric photochemical processes resulting in the production of tropospheric ozone (O(3)) and other oxidants are described. The spatial and temporal variabilities in the occurrence of surface level oxidants and their relationships to air pollution meteorology are discussed. Models of photooxidant formation are reviewed in the context of control strategies and comparisons are provided of the air concentrations of O(3) at select geographic locations around the world. This overall oxidant (O(3)) climatology is coupled to human health and ecological effects. The discussion of the effects includes both acute and chronic responses, mechanisms of action, human epidemiological and plant population studies and briefly, efforts to establish cause-effect relationships through numerical modeling. A short synopsis is provided of the interactive effects of O(3) with other abiotic and biotic factors. The overall emphasis of the paper is on identifying the current uncertainties and gaps in our understanding of the state of the science and some suggestions as to how they may be addressed. |
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