长江口及毗邻海域浮游植物的分布与变化

2005年7月(夏季)和11月(秋季)在长江口及毗邻海域(29°30'32°00'N,123°E以西)进行了2个航次的综合调查.2个航次共鉴定浮游植物345种,包括赤潮种类43种,其中,赤潮种中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)是该海域绝对的优势种.浮游植物细胞平均丰度7月(5.48×104cells·L-1)低于11月(2.70×105 cells·L-1),而叶绿素a平均浓度7月(2.34 mg·m-3)高于11月(1.32 mg·m-3).多样性指数(H)均值7月(1.51)高于11月(0.86),均匀度(J)均值7月(0.59)也高于11月(0.34).浮游植物的空间分布具有明显的块状区域特征,其季节变化主要受海区的流系特征、季风、营养盐、悬浮物等因素的制约,周日变化主要与潮汐、温盐跃层等密切相关.同时,结合历史监测数据(1996～2005年)分析表明,调查海域浮游植物群落结构已经发生改变.长期氮磷比失衡导致甲藻类在浮游植物群落中所占比例大幅攀升,甲藻类赤潮频繁发生.要改善海域环境现状,相对于控制西部陆源污染物的输入量,控制输入的营养盐比例尤为重要.

Phytoplankton Distribution and Variation in the Yangtze River Estuary and Its Adjacent Sea

Two cruises were carried out in the Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent sea (29 degrees 30' - 32 degrees 00'N, west of 123 degrees E) in July (summer) and November (autumn), 2005. A total of 345 phytoplankton species, including 43 species causing red tide, were identified. Skeletonema costatum was the dominant species. The average cell abundance was lower in July (5.48 x 10(4) cells L(-1)) than in November (2.70 x 10(5) cells L-(-1)), but the average chlorophyll a concentration was higher in July (2.34 mg x m(-3)) than in November (1.32 mg x m(-3)). The average diversity index (H) was higher in July (1.51) than in November (0.86), as was average evenness (J) (0.59 and 0.34, respectively). Spatial distribution of phytoplankton featured distinct regionality, and the seasonal variation was controlled by factors such as water source, monsoon, nutrient, suspended matter, etc., and the diurnal variation mainly correlated with tide and stratification. At the same time, an evaluation of long-term monitoring data (1996 - 2005) showed that phytoplankton community structure had been changed. Long-term unbalance of N/P ratio caused dinoflagellates to increasingly dominate the phytoplankton population, and led to an increasing frequency of red tide caused by dinoflagellates. Controlling nutrient ratios is more important than just controlling terrigenous contamination input in improving sea area environmental status.