某焦化厂周边大气PM10重金属来源及健康风险评价

为了解焦化厂周边大气PM10中重金属的来源及健康风险,于2012年6月采集了某焦化厂周边的PM10.使用微波消解-ICP-MS方法进行重金属含量的检测,并采用美国EPA人体暴露风险评价模型对大气颗粒物重金属进行人群健康风险的初步评价.结果表明,焦化厂周边PM10中10种重金属元素的浓度变化范围较大,在3.06×10-5~1.77×10-2mg·m-3之间,其中Cr的浓度最高,Co的浓度最低,致癌物质的浓度高于非致癌物质的浓度.焦化厂是其周边大气PM10重金属的主要来源,Ni是其主要的污染重金属.健康风险评价结果显示,成人的致癌风险比儿童大,工业区和学校存在较大致癌风险.而儿童的非致癌风险是最大的,居住区的非致癌风险不容忽视.致癌物质中Cd、Cr和As存在较大的潜在致癌风险,Ni和Co存在一定的潜在风险,非致癌物质中Mn的非致癌风险很大,应引起相关部门的重视.

Source and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Ambient Air PM10 from One Coking Plant

To investigate the sources and health risk of heavy metals in ambient air PM₁₀ from the coking plant, the PM₁₀ in the air around one coking plant was collected in June 2012. Then the heavy metals concentrations in PM₁₀ were tested by the microwave-ICP-MS method. Furthermore, the USEPA's human exposure assessment model was applied to preliminarily evaluate the human health risks of the heavy metals in air particulate matter. The results show that the concentrations of 10 kinds of heavy metals in PM₁₀ from the coking plant vary significantly, ranging from 3.06×10^-5 mg·m^-3 to 1.77×10^-2 mg·m^-3, of which the concentration of Cr is the highest, while the concentration of Co is the lowest, and the concentration of the carcinogenic substances is higher than that of the non-carcinogenic substances. The coking plant is identified to be the major source of the heavy metals in ambient air PM₁₀, and Ni is the main polluting heavy metal. Moreover, the heavy risk assessment results reveal that the carcinogenic risks for adults are higher than children, while the carcinogenic risks in industrial areas and school relatively large. The non-carcinogenic risks for children are the highest in all the population, and the non-carcinogenic risks in residential area can not be ignored. Among the carcinogenic substances, the potential carcinogenic risks of Cd, Cr and As are comparatively large, Ni and Co have certain potential risks. Whereas, among the non-carcinogenic substances, the non-carcinogenic risks of Mn is great. Consequently, relevant departments should pay close attention to this situation.