红壤丘陵区冬季大气湿沉降化学特征及森林冠层对其截留作用机制

通过对亚热带千烟洲流域的冬季湿沉降化学特征及森林穿透雨进行研究,揭示亚热带流域森林冠层对大气湿沉降中的营养元素(C、N、P、S)及金属元素(K、Ca、Na、Mg、Al、Fe、Mn、Zn)的截留与作用机制.结果表明:1亚热带丘陵区冬季大气湿沉降以酸沉降为主,p H变化范围在3.49~7.0之间,冬季酸沉降离子中以SO_4~(2-)和NO_3~-为主,其月平均沉降通量分别为4.68 kg·hm~(-2)和0.36 kg·hm~(-2),痕量金属元素中以Zn、K、Ca沉降为主,其沉降通量分别为1.72、0.56、0.36 kg·hm~(-2);2森林林冠对溶解性有机碳(DOC)、溶解性总氮(DTN)、总磷(TP)以及痕量元素Ca、Mg、Mn有明显的截留与离释作用,离释百分比达到64.69%、206.75%、301.38%、137.94%、405.25%、1 226.60%;而对Zn、SO2-4具有很好的吸收作用,吸收百分比为73.50%和12.51%,显著降低了亚热带流域冬季酸沉降对土壤生态系统的危害.

Chemical Characteristics of Atmospheric Wet Deposition in Winter and Its Forestry Canopy Interception Mechanism in Red Soil Hilly Area

In order to disclose the interception mechanism of forestry canopy to atmospheric wet deposition, the concentrations of nutrients (C, N, P, S) and trace elements (K, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, Fe, Mn, Zn) in wet deposition and through fall in winter were monitored in Subtropical Qianyanzhou basin. The results showed that the wet deposition in this area was mainly acid deposition, the pH of which ranged from 3.49 to 7.0. The major components of wet deposition were nitrate (NO₃^-) and sulfate ions (SO₄^2-), the monthly average deposition fluxes of which were 4.68 kg ·hm^-2 and 0.36 kg ·hm^-2, and trace elements (Zn, K, Ca) with monthly average deposition fluxes of 1.72, 0.56 and 0.36 kg ·hm^-2, respectively. Non-metallic nutrients such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved total nitrogen (DTN), total phosphorus (TP), Ca, Mg and Mn were easy to leach, the dilution rate could reach up to 64.69%, 206.75%, 301.38%, 137.94%, 405.25% and 1226.60%, respectively. Moreover, the Zn and sulfate ion (SO₄^2-) could be well absorbed by forests canopy, the absorption proportions of which were 73.50% and 12.51%, respectively.