长江水问题基本态势及其形成原因与防控策略

不断增强的人类活动与气候变化等自然因素叠加，导致长江水环境、水灾害和水生态问题日益突出。从宏观层面系统剖析了长江面临的干流局部水质下降、湖泊富营养化、三峡库湾和支流水质恶化等水环境问题，小水大灾和平原湖区季节性缺水等水灾害问题以及长江与湖泊生物资源衰退等水生态问题的基本态势，揭示了流域工业化城市化进程加快、土地利用/覆被快速变化、重大水利工程建设和湖泊资源过度利用等人为因素和气候变化等自然因素对长江水问题形成发展的影响，提出了规范空间开发秩序、推进流域综合管理、优化重大水利工程调度等长江水问题防控策略

WATER ISSUES IN THE YANGTZE RIVER AND ITS FORMATION CAUSES AND CONTROLLING STRATEGIES

The increasing human activities coupled with natural factors such as climate change,have resulted in increasingly prominent water threats in the Yangtze River,including water environment,water hazards and water ecological problems.This paper macroscopically analyzes water problems that the Yangtze River is facing,including deterioration of water quality in part of the main reaches of the River and the Three Gorges Reservoir bay and its tributaries,eutrophication of lakes,heavy flooding disaster resulted from low rainfall,seasonally water shortage in lake plain areas,and biological resources degradation in the River and the lakes.The anthropic factors including accelerating industrialization and urbanization at watershed scale,rapid land use/cover change,construction of a series of key hydraulic projects,excessively exploit of lake resources,as well as the natural factors such as climate change which impact the water problems in the Yangtze River are revealed.Prevention and controlling strategies related to those water problems are put forward,including encouraging regional exploitation in order,promoting integrated watershed management,and optimizing the operation of the key hydraulic projects