L型房间单元人员疏散探讨

建筑物发生火灾以后,是否会造成人员伤亡主要看人员能否成功地疏散出危险区域。笔者主要讨论了一种常见的建筑物结构形式:L型房间结构单元。根据其不同阶段的疏散特点,提出了“距离控制疏散”和“瓶颈控制疏散”阶段人员疏散的不同方式。在“距离控制疏散”阶段,应用网格分析方法来研究人员疏散规律;在“瓶颈控制疏散”阶段,采用了群集疏散理论建立了人员疏散模型。应用建立的疏散模型及经验公式对特定建筑物人员疏散进行了模拟,其结果表明,建立的模型模拟的结果比较准确地反映了实际疏散情况。该研究成果对指导建筑物的疏散设计和建筑火灾等紧急情况下的安全疏散,具有一定的理论指导作用和实际应用价值。

Discussion on Evacuation from L-shaped Suite of Rooms

When a building is on fire, the severity of casualty depends on the success of evacuation from the dangerous area. A kind d common structure of building, the L-shaped suite of rooms is taken as example and discussed. According to evacuation characteristics at different stages, two styles of evacuation, namely the distance control evacuation and the bottle neck control evacuation are put forward. In the former one, the grid analysis is applied to study the regularity of evacuation; while in the latter one, the stacking theory is used. By applying the established evacuation model and empirical formula, the evacuation of residents from the specific building is simulated. The result indicates that the simulated result is ccrnparatively accurate in reflecting the practical evacuation. The results of this study are of theoretical significance and practical value in the design of evacuation from the building and safe evacuation from the building fire.