基于新制度经济学视角的“河长制”评析

我国频发的水危机既是水环境作为居住地、供应站功能而引发的生态破坏问题,也是作为废物库功能而引发的环境污染问题.河长制是地方政府为了重新恢复环境三大功能协调运行而发明的一项有效的实用制度.河长制因其简单易行,很快在全国形成扩散效应.河长制是源于地方政府的制度创新,本文运用新制度经济学分析了河长制的优缺点:优点是职责归属明确,权责清晰；是合理的路径依赖基础上的制度创薪；铁腕治污提高治污效率;创新扩散机制值得提倡.河长制本身存在制度缺陷:无法根除委托-代理问题；缺乏透明的监督机制;容易出现利益合谋；忽视了社会力量；行政问责很难落实.河长制综合考虑了地方权力结构与环境现实,充分利用行政长官手中的权力带动地方政府职能转变,推动了具有中国本土特色环境制度变迁的步伐.但河长制具有应急的过渡性,应在发展中扬长避短,不断完善,应通过它形成全社会参与环境管理的机制,建立可持续发展的环境治理制度.

Critique of the System of River-leader Based on the Perspective of New Institutional Economics

The frequent water crisis in our country results not only from the environment destruction of water environment as functions of living space and supply depot,but also from the environment pollution of water environment as waste repository.The system of river-leader is an impactful and practical institution put forward by the local government to resume three functions of environment.The diffusion effects of the system of river-leader soon spread throughout the country because it's easy to operate.The system ...