Effects of diesel/biodiesel blends on regulated and unregulated pollutants from a passenger vehicle operated over the European and the Athens driving cycles |
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| Authors: | George Karavalakis Stamoulis Stournas Evangelos Bakeas |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratory of Fuels Technology and Lubricants, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Street, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece;2. Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece;1. Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;2. Laboratory of Chemistry, Graduate School of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1 Shiobaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8540, Japan;3. Division of Air Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, 39 Mukaizano Dazaifu, Fukuoka 818-0135, Japan;4. Division of Optoelectronics and Photonics, Center for Future Chemistry, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;1. Unit of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Department of Environmental Sciences and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;2. School of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan Region, P.O. Box: 170, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq;1. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th Street, 11th floor, New York, NY 10032, United States;2. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Comer Building, Rm 203, Palisades, NY 10964, United States;3. Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th Street, R732, New York, NY 10032, United States;4. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia, University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 W 168th Street, PHE-101, New York, NY 10032, United States;1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;2. Energy Technology Research Center (ETRC) and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;3. Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;1. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Escuela Técnica Superior Ingenieros Industriales, Edificio Politécnico, Avda Camilo Jose Cela s/n, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain;2. Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Ministerio de Defensa, Gobierno de España, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850, Spain;1. Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain;2. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain |
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| Abstract: | This paper presents the regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions of a diesel passenger vehicle, operated with low sulphur automotive diesel and soy methyl ester blends. Emission and fuel consumption measurements were conducted under real driving conditions (Athens Driving Cycle, ADC) and compared with those of a modified New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) using a chassis dynamometer. A Euro II compliant diesel vehicle was used in this study, equipped with an indirect injection diesel engine, fuelled with diesel fuel and biodiesel blends at proportions of 5, 10, and 20% respectively. Unregulated emissions of 11 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 5 nitro-PAHs, 13 carbonyl compounds (CBCs) and the soluble organic fraction (SOF) of the particulate matter were measured. Qualitative hydrocarbon analysis was also performed on the SOF. Regulated emissions of NOx, CO, HC, CO2, and PM were also measured over the two test cycles. It was established that some of the emissions measured over the (hot-start) NEDC differed from the real-world cycle. Significant differences were also observed in the vehicle's fuel consumption between the two test cycles. The addition of biodiesel reduced the regulated emissions of CO, HC and PM, while an increase in NOx was observed over the ADC. Carbonyl emissions, PAHs and nitro-PAHs were reduced with the addition of biodiesel over both driving cycles. |
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