Wood smoke as a source of particle-phase organic compounds in residential areas |
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| Authors: | Md Aynul Bari Guenter Baumbach Bertram Kuch Guenter Scheffknecht |
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| Institution: | 1. Institut National de l''Environnement industriel et des RISques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France;2. CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France;3. Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405, Talence Cedex, France;4. Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany;5. Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Brno, Czech Republic;6. Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysiques de l''Environnement (LGGE), Université de Grenoble-Alpes/CNRS, Grenoble, France;1. College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China;2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;1. Department of Public Policy and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#8120, 206 West Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA;2. Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#8120, 206 West Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA;3. FUEL Lab, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#8120, 206 West Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA;4. Center for Agricultural Research and Development, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Bunda College Campus, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi |
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| Abstract: | The objective of this study was to investigate the organic composition of wood smoke emissions and ambient air samples in order to determine the wood smoke contribution to the ambient air pollution in the residential areas. From November 2005 to March 2006 particle-phase PM10 samples were collected in the residential town Dettenhausen surrounded by forests near Stuttgart in southern Germany. Samples collected on pre-baked glass fibre filters were extracted using toluene with ultrasonic bath and analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 21 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) including 16 USEPA priority pollutants, different organic wood smoke tracers, primarily 21 species of syringol and guaiacol derivatives, levoglucosan and its isomers mannosan, galactosan and dehydroabietic acid were detected and quantified in this study. The concentrations of these compounds were compared with the fingerprints of emissions from hardwood and softwood combustion carried out in test facilities at Universitaet Stuttgart and field investigations at a wood stove during real operation in Dettenhausen. It was observed that the combustion derived PAH was detected in higher concentrations than other PAH in the ambient air PM10 samples. Syringol and its derivatives were found in large amounts in hardwood burning but were not detected in softwood burning emissions. On the other hand, guaiacol and its derivatives were found in both softwood and hardwood burning emissions, but the concentrations were higher in the softwood smoke compared to hardwood smoke. So, these compounds can be used as typical tracer compounds for the different types of wood burning emissions. In ambient air samples both syringol and guaiacol derivatives were found which indicates the wood combustion contribution to the PM load in such residential areas. Levoglucosan was detected in high concentrations in all ambient PM10 samples. A source apportionment modelling, Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was implemented to quantify the wood smoke contribution to the ambient PM10 bound organic compounds in the residential area. |
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