Canopy leaching of nutrients and metals in a mountain spruce forest |
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| Authors: | Jiří Kopáček Jan Turek Josef Hejzlar Hana Šantrůčková |
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| Affiliation: | 1. CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain;2. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain;1. INRA, Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers 1138, F-54280 Champenoux, France;2. ANDRA, Centre Meuse Haute Marne, F-55290 Bure, France;1. Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan;2. Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba;1. Grupo de Estudios Ambientales – IMASL, Universidad Nacional de San Luis & CONICET, San Luis, Argentina;2. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba & CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina;3. Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina;1. Institute of Radioecological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), PSE-ENV, SRTE, LR2T, CE Cadarache, 13115 Saint Paul les Durance Cedex, France;2. CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays de l''Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l''Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue du Président Angot, 64000 Pau, France;3. Andra, Research and Development Division, Parc de la Croix Blanche, 1-7 rue Jean Monnet, 92298 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France |
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| Abstract: | Precipitation and throughfall fluxes of major ions, nutrients (C, N, P), and metals (Al, Fe, Mn), and the chemical composition of litter fall and living plant tissue in Norway spruce stands (the Bohemian Forest; Czech Republic), were used to evaluate how microbial processes and decay of plant tissue in canopies influence canopy leaching (CL) of elements. Proton exchange for Mg2+, Ca2+, and K+ in decaying biomass and co-transport of Ca2+ and K+ out of plant cells with organic acid anions were the most likely processes contributing to CL of base cations. The CL of total P and N (and also NO3?) was minor. Important proportions of the N and P mineral forms were transformed to organic forms by microbial processes (primary and bacterial production), with the respective CL of ?13.9 and 16.4 mmol m?2 yr?1 for NH4+ and organic N, and ?0.33 and 0.22 mmol m?2 yr?1 for dissolved reactive P (DRP) and organic P. Most of particulate P and N in throughfall (～90%) originated from microbial DRP and NH4+ transformations, but particulate C mostly came from the fragmentation of plant tissue (58%). Among metals, CL was not observed for Al, was small for Fe (0.3 mmol m?2 yr?1), and greatest for Mn (0.9 mmol m?2 yr?1) due to leaching from decaying tissue by acidic precipitation. |
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