Unsaturated dicarbonyl products from the OH-initiated photo-oxidation of furan, 2-methylfuran and 3-methylfuran |
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| Authors: | E Gómez Alvarez E Borrás J Viidanoja J Hjorth |
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| Institution: | 1. Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo (CEAM), Paterna, Valencia, Spain;2. PerkinElmer Life and Analytical Sciences, P.O. Box 10, FIN-20101, Turku, Finland;3. Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), The European Commission, JRC, Ispra, Italy;1. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States;2. Aerodyne Research Inc, Billerica, MA, 01821, United States;3. Environmental Protection Agency at Research Triangle Park, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, United States;4. Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore;5. Department of Chemistry, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States;6. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States;1. Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;2. Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;3. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;4. Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;1. Université Lille Nord de France, France;2. Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l''Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d''Opale, 32 Avenue Foch, 62930 Wimereux, France;3. Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l''Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d''Opale, 189A Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France;4. LAboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (LASIR), UMR CNRS 8516, Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies, Bâtiment C5, 59655 Villeneuve d''Ascq Cedex, France;1. INFIQC, Dpto. de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Pabellón Argentina Ala 1, C. Universitaria, CP 5000 Córdoba Argentina;2. Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad-Real, Spain |
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| Abstract: | This study presents the application of O-(2,3,4,5,6)-pentafluorobenzyl-hydroxylamine hydrochloride (PFBHA) on-fibre derivatisation Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) to the sampling and quantification of the unsaturated 1,4-dicarbonyl products obtained in the photo-oxidation of furan, 2-methylfuran and 3-methylfuran with HONO: butenedial, 4-oxo-2-pentenal and 2-methylbutenedial, respectively. The use of Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) is also considered and the advantages of the combined use of both methodologies is discussed. The 1,4 unsaturated dicarbonyl products sampled by SPME were quantified by GC-FID.The experiments were carried out in the EUPHORE outdoor simulation chambers. The results confirm that 1,4-dicarbonyls are the main products of the OH-initiated oxidation of furan and its methylated derivatives, a fact with environmental implications. Molar yields of (1.09 ± 0.41) and (0.90 ± 0.36) were obtained in two experiments of furan photo-oxidation. The yields of 4-oxo-2-pentenal and methylbutenedial were estimated to be (0.60 ± 0.24) and (0.83 ± 0.33) respectively, assuming the same SPME response factor as for butenedial. Furthermore, the unsaturated 1,4-dicarbonyls have also been identified in the chemical characterisation of the aerosols formed in the reactions. The yield of aerosols quantified were (8.5 ± 0.8)% in the photo-oxidation of furan, (1.85 ± 0.18)% in the photo-oxidation of 2-methylfuran and (5.5 ± 0.5)% in the photo-oxidation of 3-methylfuran, at the following concentrations of their precursors: 829 ± 249 ppbV and 748 ± 224 (in two furan experiments), 633 ± 190 in the 2-methylfuran and 641 ± 192 ppbV in the 3-methylfuran experiment. |
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