On-road ultrafine particle concentration in the M5 East road tunnel,Sydney, Australia |
| |
| Authors: | Luke D. Knibbs Richard J. de Dear Lidia Morawska Kerrie L. Mengersen |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Resources and Environment, Beijing 100049, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;3. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;1. Climatology and Environmental Meteorology, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19c, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany;2. Department of Applied Climatology and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg–Essen, Campus Essen, D-45127 Essen, Germany;1. Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States;2. Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Penn State Greater Allegheny, McKeesport, PA 15132, United States |
| |
| Abstract: | The human health effects following exposure to ultrafine (<100 nm) particles (UFPs) produced by fuel combustion, while not completely understood, are generally regarded as detrimental. Road tunnels have emerged as locations where maximum exposure to these particles may occur for the vehicle occupants using them. This study aimed to quantify and investigate the determinants of UFP concentrations in the 4 km twin-bore (eastbound and westbound) M5 East tunnel in Sydney, Australia. Sampling was undertaken using a condensation particle counter (CPC) mounted in a vehicle traversing both tunnel bores at various times of day from May through July, 2006. Supplementary measurements were conducted in February, 2008. Over three hundred transects of the tunnel were performed, and these were distributed evenly between the bores. Additional comparative measurements were conducted on a mixed route comprising major roads and shorter tunnels, all within Sydney. Individual trip average UFP concentrations in the M5 East tunnel bores ranged from 5.53 × 104 p cm?3 to 5.95 × 106 p cm?3. Data were sorted by hour of capture, and hourly median trip average (HMA) UFP concentrations ranged from 7.81 × 104 p cm?3 to 1.73 × 106 p cm?3. Hourly median UFP concentrations measured on the mixed route were between 3.71 × 104 p cm?3 and 1.55 × 105 p cm?3. Hourly heavy diesel vehicle (HDV) traffic volume was a very good determinant of UFP concentration in the eastbound tunnel bore (R2 = 0.87), but much less so in the westbound bore (R2 = 0.26). In both bores, the volume of passenger vehicles (i.e. unleaded gasoline-powered vehicles) was a significantly poorer determinant of particle concentration. When compared with similar studies reported previously, the measurements described here were among the highest recorded concentrations, which further highlights the contribution road tunnels may make to the overall UFP exposure of vehicle occupants. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
