Measurement and modeling of O3 variability in Shanghai,China: Application of the WRF-Chem model |
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| Authors: | Xuexi Tie Fuhai Geng Li Peng Wei Gao Chunsheng Zhao |
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| Institution: | 1. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA;2. Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, China;3. Physical College, Peking University, Beijing, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;2. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;1. Air Quality Forecasting Lab, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;2. Barons Advanced Meteorological Systems, Raleigh, NC, USA;1. Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA;2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Beijing 100084, China;3. Department of Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056038, China;4. Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;5. The School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China;2. National Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China;3. Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;1. University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Jadranska 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;2. Center of Excellence “SPACE-SI”, A?ker?eva 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;3. Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, USA;1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;2. Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;4. Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Beijing 100084, China;5. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China |
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| Abstract: | Since 2005, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau (SMB) has established an observational network for measuring VOC, NOx, O3 and aerosols in the Shanghai region. In this study, a rapid O3 changes from Aug/02/2007 to Aug/11/2007 was observed in the region. During this 10 day period, the noontime O3 maximum decreased from 100 to 130 ppbv to about 20–30 ppbv. In order to analyze the processes in controlling this rapid change of O3 during this short period, a newly developed regional chemical/dynamical model (WRF-Chem) is applied to study O3 variability in the Shanghai region. The model performances are evaluated by comparing the model calculation to the measurement. The result shows that the calculated magnitudes and diurnal variations of O3 are close to the measured results in city sites, but are underestimated at a rural petroleum industrial site, suggesting that the emissions from petroleum factories around this rural site are significantly underestimated and need to be improved. The calculated rapid changes of O3 concentrations, O3 precursors, and aerosols are consistent with the measured results, suggesting that the model is suitable to study the causes of this rapid O3 change. The model analysis indicates that weather conditions play important roles in controlling the surface O3 in the Shanghai region. During summer, there is a persistent sub-tropical high pressure system (SUBH) in southeast of Shanghai over Pacific Ocean. During the earlier time of the period (Aug/02–Aug/05), the SUBH system was weak, resulting in weak surface winds. With the calm winds, a noticeable noontime sea-breeze produced an inflow from ocean to land, generating a cycling pattern of wind directions. As a result, the high O3 concentrations were trapped in the Shanghai region, with a maximum concentration of 100–130 ppbv. By contrast, during the later time of the period (Aug/06–Aug/11), the SUBH was enhanced, resulting in strong surface winds. The high O3 concentrations formed in the city were rapidly transported to the downwind region of the city, resulting in low O3 concentrations in the Shanghai region. This study illustrates that the WRF-Chem model is a useful tool for studying the high variability of O3 concentrations in Shanghai, which has important implication for the prediction of high O3 concentration events in the city. |
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