Quantitative ED-EPMA combined with morphological information for the characterization of individual aerosol particles collected in Incheon,Korea |
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| Authors: | SuJin Kang HeeJin Hwang Sunni Kang YooMyung Park HyeKyeong Kim Chul-Un Ro |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;3. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;1. Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;3. Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China;4. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;5. Weather Modification Office of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050021, China;6. Tianjin Environmental Meteorology Center, Tianjin 300074, China;7. Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China;1. Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;2. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;3. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China |
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| Abstract: | A quantitative single-particle analytical technique, called low-Z particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis, combined with the utilization of their morphological information on individual particles, was applied to characterize six aerosol samples collected in one Korean city, Incheon, during March 9–15, 2006. The collected supermicron aerosol particles were classified based on their chemical species and morphology on a single-particle basis. Many different particle types were identified and their emission source, transport, and reactivity in the air were elucidated. In the samples, particles in the “soil-derived particles” group were the most abundant, followed by “reacted sea-salts”, “reacted CaCO3-containing particles”, “genuine sea-salts”, “reacted sea-salts + others”, “Fe-containing particles”, “anthropogenic organics”, (NH4)2SO4, “K-containing particles”, and “fly ash”. The application of this single-particle analysis, fully utilizing their chemical compositional and morphological data of individual particles, clearly revealed the different characteristics of the six aerosol samples. For samples S3 and S5, which were sampled during two Asian dust storm events, almost all particles were of soil origin that had not experienced chemical modification and that did not entrain sea-salts during their long-range transport. For sample S1, collected at an episodic period of high PM10 concentration and haze, anthropogenic, secondary, and soil-derived particles emitted from local sources were predominant. For samples S2, S4, and S6, which were collected on average spring days with respect to their PM10 concentrations, marine originated particles were the most abundant. Sample S2 seems to have been strongly influenced by emissions from the Yellow Sea and Korean peninsula, sample S4 had the minimum anthropogenic influence among the four samples collected in the absence of any Asian dust storm event, and sample S6 seems to have entrained air pollutants that had been transported from mainland China over the Yellow Sea to Korea. |
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