Influence of storage and release on particle emissions from new and used CRTs |
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| Authors: | Jacob J Swanson David B Kittelson Winthrop F Watts David D Gladis Martyn V Twigg |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Minnesota, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Diesel Research, 111 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;2. Johnson Matthey Plc, Orchard Laboratories, Environmental Catalysts and Technologies (ECT), Orchard Road, Royston, Herts. SG8 5HE, UK;1. Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy;1. College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;2. College of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China;3. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vehicle Power and Transmission System, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China;4. School of Information, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hunan International Economics University, Changsha 410205, China;5. Institute of New Energy and Energy-saving & Emission-reduction Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;2. College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;1. Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, PR China;2. Vehicle Measurement, Control and Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Automobile and Transportation, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, PR China;3. Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanchong Vocational and Technical College, Nanchong 637131 PR China;4. Department of Engineering and Design, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QT, UK;1. College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;2. College of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China;3. Institute of New Energy and Energy-Saving & Emission-Reduction Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China |
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| Abstract: | This paper describes the results of three experiments performed with Continuously Regenerating Traps (CRTs®) in a controlled laboratory setting to elucidate the effects of fuel sulfur content, filter age, and storage and release effects on particle concentration. In the first experiment, a new CRT was tested using near zero sulfur Fischer-Tropsch fuel and low sulfur lubricating oil (420 ppm). The objective was to measure particle emissions from an emission control device that had not previously been exposed to sulfur under a variety of operating and dilution conditions. Next, a used CRT was evaluated using the same fuel and lubricating oil. Finally, the used uncatalyzed Diesel particulate filter (DPF) from the used CRT was replaced with a new, uncatalyzed DPF. The emissions from the used Diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) + new DPF were evaluated and compared to those of the used CRT.Our laboratory results show that particle number emissions from the new CRTs are 99.9% lower than equivalent used CRT data collected on-road at an exhaust temperature of 370 °C. Even as the new CRT temperature was increased to almost 400 °C, emission levels were still at background levels for roadway aerosol and no nucleation mode was observed. With the used CRT, the nucleation mode particle number concentration increased sharply at an exhaust temperature of about 380 °C and remained high for the duration of the test. Mass emissions were estimated and found to exceed US EPA on-road standards. The used DOC + new DPF led to essentially the same number emissions as the used CRT, suggesting that these emissions arise mainly from release of sulfates stored by the DOC and not the uncatalyzed DPF. |
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