Formation of submicron sulfate and organic aerosols in the outflow from the urban region of the Pearl River Delta in China |
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| Authors: | R Xiao N Takegawa Y Kondo Y Miyazaki T Miyakawa M Hu M Shao LM Zeng A Hofzumahaus F Holland K Lu N Sugimoto Y Zhao YH Zhang |
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| Institution: | 1. Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China;2. Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00560, Finland;3. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;4. Department of Air Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Institute of Labor Protection, Beijing 100054, China;5. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment & Environmental Standards Institute, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;1. Aryabhatta Research Institute of observational Sciences, Nainital 263 001, India;2. Atmospheric Research Team, Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, 118 10 Athens, Greece;3. NASI-Senior Scientist Platinum Jubilee Fellow, Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore 560 034, India;4. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200 433, China;5. Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210 023, China;6. Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, New Delhi Branch, New Delhi 110 060, India |
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| Abstract: | Size-resolved chemical compositions of non-refractory submicron aerosols were measured using a quadrupole Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer at a rural site near Guangzhou in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) of China in the summer of 2006. Two cases characterized as the outflows from the PRD urban region with plumes of high SO2 concentration were investigated. The evolution of sulfate size distributions was observed on a timescale of several hours. Namely mass concentrations of sulfate in the condensation mode (with vacuum aerodynamic diameters (Dva) < 300 nm) increased at a rate of about 0.17–0.37 ppbv h?1 during the daytime. This finding was consistent with the sulfuric acid production rates of about 0.17–0.3 ppbv h?1, as calculated from the observed gas-phase concentrations of OH (～3.3 × 106–1.7 × 107 cm?3) and SO2 (～3–21.2 ppbv). This implies that the growth of sulfate in the condensation mode was mainly due to gas-phase oxidation of SO2. The observed rapid increase was caused mainly by the concurrent high concentrations of OH and SO2 in the air mass. The evolution of the mass size distributions of m/z 44, a tracer for oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA), was very similar to that of sulfate. The mass loadings of m/z 44 were strongly correlated with those of sulfate (r2 = 0.99) in the condensation mode, indicating that OOA might also be formed by the gas-phase oxidation of volatile organic compound (VOC) precursors. It is likely that sulfate and OOA were internally mixed throughout the whole size range in the air mass. |
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