Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in south-east Scotland: Quantification of the organic nitrogen fraction in wet,dry and bulk deposition |
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| Authors: | Juan M González Benítez J Neil Cape Mathew R Heal Netty van Dijk Alberto Vidal Díez |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuk, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK;2. School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JJ, UK;3. Centre for Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, UK;1. Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada;2. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA 92507, USA;1. Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;2. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;4. State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;5. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China;1. National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, United States;2. EMEP MSC-W, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway;3. Dept. Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden;4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA;5. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy;6. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China;7. School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China;8. Wageningen University and Research, Environmental Research, PO Box 47, NL-6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands;9. Wageningen University and Research, Environmental Systems Analysis Group, PO Box 47, NL-6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands;1. Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China;2. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China;3. Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China;4. State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China;5. The Sustainable Soil and Grassland Systems Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK;1. Department of Marine Environmental Informatics, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan;2. Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan;3. Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan |
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| Abstract: | Water soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) compounds are ubiquitous in precipitation and in the planetary boundary layer, and therefore are a potential source of bioavailable reactive nitrogen. This paper examines weekly rain data over a period of 22 months from June 2005 to March 2007 collected in 2 types of rain collector (bulk deposition and “dry + wet” deposition) located in a semi-rural area 15 km southwest of Edinburgh, UK (N55°51′44″, W3°12′19″). Bulk deposition collectors are denoted in this paper as “standard rain gauges”, and they are the design used in the UK national network for monitoring precipitation composition. “Dry + wet” deposition collectors are flushing rain gauges and they are equipped with a rain detector (conductivity array), a spray nozzle, a 2-way valve and two independent bottles to collect funnel washings (dry deposition) and true wet deposition. On average, for the 27 weekly samples with 3 valid replicates for the 2 types of collectors, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) represented 23% of the total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in bulk deposition. Dry deposition of particles and gas on the funnel surface, rather than rain, contributed over half of all N-containing species (inorganic and organic). Some discrepancies were found between bulk rain gauges and flushing rain gauges, for deposition of both TDN and DON, suggesting biological conversion and loss of inorganic N in the flushing samplers. |
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