An evaluation of the PM2.5 trace elemental composition in the Venice Lagoon area and an analysis of the possible sources |
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| Authors: | AM Stortini A Freda D Cesari WRL Cairns D Contini C Barbante F Prodi P Cescon A Gambaro |
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| Institution: | 1. Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China;3. Qingdao Environmental Monitoring Central Station, Qingdao 266003, China;4. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;1. Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;2. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;1. Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China;3. Air Quality Research Division, Science & Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada;4. CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China |
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| Abstract: | Global emissions reported by many authors have shown as natural and anthropic sources can contribute to the principal aerosol classes, but values change according the local scenario. The Venice Lagoon is exposed to different anthropic source emissions like vehicular traffic, industrial thermoelectric power plant, petrochemical plant, incinerator plant, domestic heating, ship traffic, glass factories and airport. Samplings of PM2.5 were daily performed between March and November 2007 in Sacca San Biagio island (Venice), and values of PM2.5 concentration and element concentration were obtained. Monthly average concentrations (μg m?3) during this period show higher values during the spring and the autumn. A good relationship between data obtained and concentration values from environmental local agencies is evidenced, both for PM2.5 from urban area (Venezia Mestre), and for PM10 sampled in the same area, as well as the influence of some meteorological parameters on PM2.5 concentration sampled. Trace elements samples were measured by an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (ICP-QMS), and values (ng m?3 and μg g?1) for elements regulated by European directives (As, Cd, Ni, Pb), as well as, other elements (Na, Al, K, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, Se, Ag) are also reported. Data analysis by mean of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) pointed out four principal groups of elements like Mn–Fe–K, As–Se–Cd, V–Co, and Pb that could be assigned to specific sources of the Venetian wetland basin. |
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