Individual particle characteristics of North African dust under different long-range transport scenarios |
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| Authors: | Esther Coz Francisco J. Gómez-Moreno Manuel Pujadas Gary S. Casuccio Traci L. Lersch Begoña Artíñano |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Departamento de Medio Ambiente, CIEMAT, 28040 Madrid, Spain;2. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra “Jaume Almera”, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain;3. RJ Lee Group, Inc., Monroeville, USA;1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain;2. University Institute of Environment, University of A Coruña, Pazo de Lóngora, Liáns, E-15179 Oleiros, Spain;1. Centre de Recherches de Climatologie, UMR 6282 Biogéosciences, CNRS/Université de Bourgogne, 6 Bd. Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France;2. Laboratoire d''Optique Atmosphérique, UMR 8518, CNRS/Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d''Ascq, France;1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, PR China;2. School of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Capital University of Economics and Business, No. 121 Zhangjialukou Rd, Fengtai Disctrict, Beijing 100070, PR China;3. Sichuan Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 88 3rd East Guanghua Rd, Qingyang District, Chengdu 610031, PR China;1. Department of Applied Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece;2. Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, 15236, Greece;1. Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA;2. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA;3. JCET/UMBC, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA;4. University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA;5. Howard University, Washington D.C., USA;6. European Commission, Joint Research Center, Ispra, Italy;1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;2. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;3. Department of Environmental Science, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931, USA;4. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA |
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| Abstract: | After urban sources, mineral dust in Madrid is the second biggest contributor to PM10, making up 40% on average, of total emissions. Approximately, 50% of the days on which the daily limit of 50 μg m?3 marked by the European Directive, are ascribable to Saharan outbreaks. The present study has focused on individual particle characterization of North African dust over Madrid by SEM/EDX, since no previous works on this type of characterization have been found in the region. More than 30,000 particles from 6 different samples have been measured to characterize 4 African episodes with very different meteorological scenarios, transport processes and source origins. Different samples from the same episode have also been characterized to evaluate homogeneity of dust characteristics over time. Silicates, mainly composed of clay minerals, are the main component, with abundances ranging from 65 to 85% by particle volume. Chemical cluster distribution of silicates has been linked to the major topsoil mineralogical composition in the origin of the episodes. Aspect Ratio (AR) has been used to compare particle morphology between episodes. AR values from samples taken under the same scenarios are statistically equal. For all the samples and size ranges AR values are found to be in the same order: ARsulphates > ARsilicates > ARcarbonates. Particles not only maintained morphology during the episode, but also chemical composition, since clusters turned out to be very similar in samples taken on the same day and different days. Similarities and differences in particle chemical composition and morphology between the different transport patterns are discussed in detail throughout the paper. |
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