Experimental testing of an annular denuder and filter system to measure gas–particle partitioning of semivolatile bifunctional carbonyls in the atmosphere |
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| Authors: | Ricardo Ortiz Kenji Enya Kazuhiko Sekiguchi Kazuhiko Sakamoto |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2 A, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland;2. Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland and Atmospheric Research Centre of Eastern Finland, Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland;1. National Center for Metallurgical Research (CENIM-CSIC), Gregorio del Amo 8, E28040 Madrid, Spain;2. Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasmas. (UMR 8578 CNRS-Université Paris-Sud Orsay, F-91405), Supélec, Plateau de Moulon, F-91192 Gif sur Yvette, France;1. Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland;2. PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland;3. Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland;4. Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland;5. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland;1. Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;2. Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Interdisziplinäres Ökologisches Zentrum (IÖZ), Brennhausgasse 14, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;1. Department of Physics, Chinese Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310028, China;2. The State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100090, China;3. Institute for Mechanical processes Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany |
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| Abstract: | An annular denuder and filter-pack system was tested in combination with the use of the in-tube and on-fiber O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine hydrochloride (PFBHA)-derivatization technique to simultaneously sample and measure gaseous and particulate concentrations of semivolatile bifunctional carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere. Ozone was denuded from the sampling air to avoid oxidation and PFBHA was used as the sorbent by coating the sampling denuders and impregnating the filters. The collection efficiency of the system was evaluated under different conditions in photochemical smog chamber experiments and in field samplings of urban and suburban atmospheres. The effects of concentration level, temperature, and humidity on the collection efficiency were assessed. The system showed average collection efficiencies in one denuder from 81% for pyruvic acid and 82% for glyoxylic acid to 87% for hydroxyacetone and dihydroxyacetone. The capacity of the filters to collect the gaseous fraction that cannot be collected in the denuders was also evaluated, and the system allows a correction for this artifact. The application of this method to chamber experiments and field samplings offers an easy-to-apply technique with good results that can be used to evaluate the partition mechanisms of these compounds in the atmosphere. |
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