Source apportionment of urban fine and ultra-fine particle number concentration in a Western Mediterranean city |
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| Authors: | Jorge Pey Xavier Querol Andrés Alastuey Sergio Rodríguez Jean Philippe Putaud Rita Van Dingenen |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Resources and Environment, Beijing 100049, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;3. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA;2. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, U.S. Department of Transportation, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;3. Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA 02110, USA |
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| Abstract: | Extensive measurements on particle number concentration and size distribution (13–800 nm), together with detailed chemical composition of PM2.5 have constituted the main inputs of the database used for a source apportionment analysis. Data were collected at an urban background site in Barcelona, Western Mediterranean.The source identification analysis helped us to distinguish five emission sources (vehicle exhausts, mineral dust, sea spray, industrial source and fuel-oil combustion) and two atmospheric processes (photochemical induced nucleation and regional/urban background particles derived from coagulation and condensation processes). After that, a multilinear regression analysis was applied in order to quantify the contribution of each factor.This study reveals that vehicle exhausts contribute dominantly to the number concentration in all the particle sizes (52–86%), but especially in the range 30–200 nm. This work also points out the importance of the regional and/or urban formed aerosols (secondary inorganic particles) on the total number concentration (around 25% of the total number), with a higher impact on the accumulation mode. The photo-chemically induced nucleation of aerosols only represents a small proportion of the total number as an annual mean (3%), but is very relevant when considering only the nucleation mode (13–20 nm) fraction (23%). The other sources recognized registered sporadic contributions to the total number, coinciding with specific meteorological scenarios.This study discloses the main sources and features affecting and controlling the fine and ultra-fine aerosols in a typical city in the Western Mediterranean coast. Whereas the road traffic appears to be the most important source of sub-micrometric aerosols, other sources may not be negligible under specific meteorological conditions. |
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