废电池中重金属溶出特性及对海洋生物的毒性效应(Dissolved Characteristics of Heavy Metal in Waste Battery and Toxic Effect on Marine Organisms)

针对渔用废电池被大量丢弃在海洋中的现象,分别开展了废电池中主要重金属离子溶出特性试验和废电池浸出液对不同海洋生物急性毒性效应的研究.试验结果显示,在盐度为20的40L海水中自然浸泡状态下(45节电池),松下一号锌锰废电池溶出液中铅、镉、汞溶出浓度不断增加,但溶出速率较慢.单节电池在第60d,铅、镉和汞溶出总量分别为2.08μg、0.52μg和0.60μg,溶出率分别为0.004%、0.018%和1.263%;第210d铅、镉和汞溶出总量分别为28.76μg、6.38μg和1.02μg,溶出率分别为0.057%、0.224%和2.147%.一节废电池中铅、镉和汞总量在1L海水中全部溶出后浓度分别可达到50445μg·L-1、2850μg·L-1和47.5μg·L-1,分别是我国渔业水质标准(GB11607-89)的1009倍、570倍和95倍.废电池浸出液对不同受试生物的急性毒性试验结果表明,当废电池浸出液混合浓度中铅、镉和汞浓度分别为3.39μg·L-1、0.64μg·L-1和0.76μg·L-1时(45节电池40L海水浸泡60d),对黑鲷、脊尾白虾和缢蛏的96h半致死浓度值分别为溶出液混合浓度的5.13%、4.87%和6.71%,废电池浸出液中各重金属离子对海洋生物毒性具有非常强的协同作用.在鱼、虾、贝三类受试生物中,贝类对废电池溶出液毒性的耐受能力最强,鱼类次之,虾类最弱.

Dissolved Characteristics of Heavy Metal in Waste Battery and Toxic Effect on Marine Organisms

The dissolved characteristics of main heavy metal factors in the waste battery and the acute toxicity effect of its solution on different marine organisms were studied for the phenomenon which the waste batteries used in fishing were discarded in marine.The result shows that the dissolving concentrations increase continuously with time and the dissolving rates are vary slowly when 45 Panasonic 1# waste batteries are naturally soaked in 40L seawater with salinity 20.The concentrations of Pb,Cd and Hg are 2.08μg and 28.76μg·L-1,0.52μg and 6.38μg·L-1,0.60μg and 1.02μg·L-1,respectively,and the dissolving rates of Pb,Cd and Hg are 0.004% and 0.057%,0.018% and 0.224%,1.263% and 2.147%,respectively,when a Panasonic 1# waste battery is soaked in 40L seawater with salinity 20 for 60d and 210d.If the Pb,Cd and Hg in a Panasonic 1# waste battery are totally dissolved out,their concentrations will be 50445μg·L-1,28501μg·L-1 and 47.5μg·L-1,respectively,and 1009 times,570 times and 95 times of the Water Quality Standard for Fisheries of China(GB 11607-89).The result of acute toxicity effect of waste battery lixivium shows that when the experiment concentrations of Pb,Cd and Hg are 3.39μg·L-1,0.64μg·L-1 and 0.76μg·L-1(45 batteries are soaked in seawater for 60d),the 96h-LC50 values for Sparus macrocephaius,Exopalaemon carinicauda and Sinonovacula constricta are 5.13%,4.87% and 6.71% of the concentrations.It indicates that the coordination affect of heavy metal factors in the dissolved liquid is vary strong and the resistant capacity of shellfish is strongest,fish comes second and shrimp is weakest on the dissolved liquid toxicity.