中国农牧交错区土地利用变化空间格局与驱动力分析

以遥感与GIS为技术支撑,运用专家知识,结合实际,从农牧交错区的实质出发,定量地计算出我国的农牧交错区。在此基础上,分析我国农牧交错区近10年的耕地、草地变化的空间格局。整个农牧交错区的耕地以变林地、草地为主。耕地的变化以内蒙古的变化为大,主要分布于它的中、东部地区。草地主要以变耕地、城镇为主,分布于内蒙古与东北三省接壤处。最后探讨这种格局的成因。耕地变化受经济发展、人口增加、农业结构等驱动,主要表现为人文作用。草地变化受人为与自然的驱动,主要为人类活动的影响,表现为经济发展与草地过牧。

Land use change dynamics spatial pattern in ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry and its driving force analysis

Human interventions in natural systems have resulted in large changes in vegetation composition and distribution pattern.The Land Use Change and Climate Change(LUCC)study under the International Geosphere Biosphere Program(IGBP)is a major initiative in this regard.Ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry is a special ecological fragile zone in China,especially in northern China.Study on this zone will enable us to find a solution to this problem.Using Landsat TM,all TM images are processed with the aid of geometric correction and project images,getting the landuse dynamic coverage under MGE environment by contrasting the1980s and2000TM images.From the core of ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry,this paper calculates the distribution of ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in China by combining expert knowledge with practice based on RS&GIS.Then it analyses the farmland and grassland dynamic change spatial pattern in ecotone between agriculture and animal hus-bandry during recent ten years.The farmland is mainly converted into forest and grassland with the greatest farmland dynamic change in central and western parts of Inner Mongolia.The grass-land is mainly converted into farmland and land for urban construction,distributing in contigu-ous zones of Inner Mongolia with Heilongjiang,Jilin and Liaoning provinces.Finally,this paper discusses the cause of land use dynamic change.Economic development,population growth and agriculture restructuring are the main causes for farmland conversion.Human activities and na-ture are the driving forces for grassland dynamics change,but human activities play the leading role,obviously due to overgrazing.How is the land use dynamic change in ecotone between agri-culture and animal husbandry related with environmental impact and what does the grassland re-duction limit the regional development are further studied.The main driving force is human eco-nomic activities,which pave the way for us to make best use of land.