大城市郊区农村居民点整理效果分析——基于典型案例的比较研究

大城市郊区作为农村居民点整理的典型区域之一,如何评价其整理效果具有重要意义。分析大城市郊区农村居民点整理影响机理,构建整理效果评价指标体系,使用规划资料、调查资料和统计资料,对比研究天津市津南区、成都市双流县和上海市金山区典型项目的整理效果。结果表明:①综合评价结果由高到低依次为金山项目、津南项目和双流项目;②整理后农民居住条件均明显改善,生活成本普遍提高,社会保障有所增加,对收入和就业影响不明显;③整理可有效改善土地资源利用状况,农村建设用地节余58%～82%,人均建设用地下降31%～84%,新增耕地超过30%;④3个项目政府的投资风险均较高,项目可持续性有待商榷;农户的拆迁补偿标准和重置新房成本存在较大差异,并导致金山项目的农户搬迁能力高于津南项目和双流项目。研究结论:大城市郊区总体适宜开展农村居民点整理。整理效果呈现差异受政府财政能力与农民收入水平相对大小的影响。

Effect Analysis of Land Consolidation of Rural Habitat in Suburbs of Metropolis: Comparative Study on Typical Cases

Because of the cultivated land loss due to rapid urbanization process and arable land deficiency, the Chinese government has paid much more attention to the recultivation of rural habitat. Various forms of land consolidation projects of rural habitat have been carried out in China since 2000, which not only affect the land resources allocation for urban and rural area, more important is to create new rural settlements. How to evaluate comprehensively and scientifically the effect will be an important theoretical issue.Metropolis suburb is one of the typical regions in carrying out land consolidation of rural habitat, which is characterized by the combination of saving and optimizing the construction land as well as promoting urbanization. Taking the projects of Jinnan District in Tianjin City, Shuangliu County in Chengdu and Jinshan District in Shanghai as typical cases, the paper analyzes the impact of land consolidation on rural habitat. The data come from the planning and planning implementation, statistics from village committee and sample survey of households classified from 2006 to 2007.The most significant impact on farmers of rural residential land consolidation is to improve the living conditions and living environment, and on government is to optimal use of land resources and to promote rural development. Based on the analysis of effect mechanism above, the paper sets up an effect evaluation indexes system for land consolidation of rural habitat in metropolis suburbs, including 15 indexes to evaluate the impact on farmer’s living and produce, land resource use and economic benefits. Empirical results show that: 1) Comprehensive evaluation order is the project of Jinshan, Jinnan and Shuangliu. 2) The three cases have similar effect on farmer’s lifestyle. Land consolidation of rural habitat in metropolis suburbs can better the farmer’s living conditions; however, the additional living cost will increase their burden. Impact on employment, income, and the impact on social security is not universal. 3)The three cases proved that land consolidation in rural habitat is an important way to increase cultivated land area and use construction land resource more intensively. The rural construction land can be saved by 58%-82%, the rural construction land per capita can be saved by 31%-84%, and the rate of new arable land is generally more than 30%. 4) The sustainability of the project is open to question because of higher risk of government investment; there is a big regional difference in farmer’s relocation compensation standards and the cost for new house; farmer in Jinshan and Jinnan districts have better ability to move their house.In general, the level of regional economic and social development in metropolis suburbs are fit for land consolidation of rural habitat, however, its effect is affected mainly by the relative size of government’s financial ability and farmer’s income level. The right loss of farmer’s residence land is also an important impact factor, and Shuangliu’s project has the less loss than the other two cases. However, it is difficult to quantify the loss.