改进型农村三格化粪池的污水处理性能

在我国农村地区，化粪池仍然是许多家庭生活污水直排前的唯一处理设施。传统三格化粪池出水水质较差，造成了农村水环境污染，而对传统三格化粪池进行适当改进是解决污染问题的有效途径之一。为此，对传统三格化粪池进行了结构和功能的优化设计，在第1格设置由过流板隔开的预处理曝气池和预处理沉淀池，第2格保留厌氧发酵池，第3格由过流板分隔为生物接触氧化池和二次沉淀池。结果表明，稳定运行后，反应器对COD、${rm{NH}}_4^ + $-N、TP和SS的去除率分别为83.51%~88.56%、66.82%~74.17%、77.47%~81.12%和82.26%~88.57%，相较于传统三格化粪池有显著的提升。改进型农村三格化粪池实现了农村分散式污水的就地处理，且经济性和维护便利性符合农村污水处理设施的定位需求，可为农村三格化粪池的改造和新建提供参考。

Sewage treatment performance of modified rural three-chamber septic tank

In rural areas of China, septic tanks are still the only treatment facilities before the direct discharge of domestic sewage in many families. However, the effluent quality of the traditional three-chamber septic tanks is poor, resulting in the pollution of rural water environment. It will be one of the effective ways to solve the pollution problem through the modification of traditional three-chamber septic tank. Thus, the structure and function optimal design of traditional three-chamber septic tank was performed. In the first chamber, a pretreatment aeration tank and a pretreatment sedimentation tank were separated by a overflow plate. In the second chamber, the anaerobic fermentation tank was retained. And the third chamber was separated into a biological contact oxidation tank and a secondary sedimentation tank by a overflow plate. The results showed that after stable operation, the removal rates of COD, ${rm{NH}}_4^ + $-N, TP and SS by the reactor could reach 83.51%~88.56%, 66.82%~74.17%, 77.47%~81.12%, 82.26%~88.57%, respectively, which had a significant improvement compared with the traditional septic tank. The modified rural three-chamber septic tank realizes the on-site treatment of decentralized sewage in rural areas, and its economy and maintenance convenience can meet the requirements of rural sewage treatment facilities, this provides a reference for the transformation and construction of rural three-chamber septic tank.