风蚀扬尘抑尘剂制备及其抑尘效果

我国表征风蚀扬尘抑尘剂抑尘效果的性能指标尚不系统，大部分抑尘剂的制备材料和制备工艺相对复杂。在抑尘剂性能指标研究的基础上增加抑尘有效期评价指标，以成膜剂、渗透剂为原料，采用复配工艺制备A抑尘剂，将其与采用复杂聚合反应制备的B抑尘剂以及水进行抑尘效果比较测试。结果表明：黏度、抗压强度、表面张力、渗透性、抑尘效率和抑尘有效期等指标可以很好地表征风蚀扬尘抑尘剂的抑尘效果；A、B抑尘剂的性能基本相当，且明显优于水，简单复配工艺与复杂聚合反应相比具有一定优势；A、B抑尘剂的初始抑尘效率分别为99.6%和99.8%，远高于水的初始抑尘效率(84.1%)，B抑尘剂喷洒75 d后仍具有较高的抑尘效率(97.3%)，抑尘有效期可达2个月，而水的抑尘效率下降至40%左右。在上述研究的基础上，建议后续开展抑尘剂在不同环境要素中的友好性指标研究，如生物可降解性和对蚯蚓、淡水鱼的急性毒性等。

Preparation and dust suppression effect of wind erosion dust suppressant

The performance indices to characterize the dust suppression effect of wind erosion dust suppressant in China are not systematic, and the preparation materials and processes of most dust suppressants are relatively complicated. On the basis of the study on the performance indices of dust suppressant, the validity period evaluation index of dust suppressant was added. Type A dust suppressant was prepared by the compounding process with the the raw materials of film-forming agent and penetrant, and its dust suppression effect was compared with water and type B dust suppressant which was prepared by complex polymerization reaction. The results showed that the indices of viscosity, compressive strength, surface tension, permeability, dust suppression efficiency and validity period of dust suppression could well characterize the dust suppression effect of wind erosion dust suppressant. The performance of type A and B dust suppressants was basically the same and significantly better than that of water, while the simple compounding process had some advantages over the complex polymerization reaction. The initial dust suppression efficiencies of type A and B were 99.6% and 99.8%, respectively, which were much higher than that of water (84.1%). After spraying for 75 d, type B still had a high dust suppression efficiency (97.3%), and the validity period of dust suppression was up to 2 months, while the dust suppression efficiency of water decreased to about 40%. On the basis of the above researchs, it is suggested to carry out the study on the friendliness indices of dust suppressant in different environmental factors in the future, such as biodegradability test and acute toxicity test on earthworm and freshwater fish.