2000-2009年全国职业中毒状况规律分析和对策探讨

职业中毒是我国的主要职业病之一,严重影响着劳动者的健康和社会的和谐稳定。根据卫生部2000-2009年公布的职业病统计数据,分析总结我国职业中毒的发生规律。结果表明：职业中毒是仅次于尘肺病的第二大类职业病。职业中毒占职业病总数的12.8%-18%,在职业中毒病例中,急性职业中毒占22.4%-39.6%,慢性职业中毒占60.4%-77.6%。职业中毒总人数变化从2000年到2005年较平稳,从2006年起,呈波浪形上升趋势,但其增幅远小于职业病总数和尘肺病新发病例人数的增幅。其中,急性职业中毒总人数略有下降趋势,慢性职业中毒总人数呈波浪形上升趋势。引起急性职业中毒占前两位的化学毒物主要是一氧化碳和硫化氢,引起慢性职业中毒占前两位的化学毒物主要是铅及其化合物和苯。中小企业职业中毒发生率高。建议各级职能部门重点加强相关行业的监管,尤其是其中的中小企业的监管;履行指导的职责,加强有效果的安全教育和培训;同时加强职业监控监护。

Analysis and control proposal of occupational poisoning from 2000 to 2009 in China

Occupational poisoning is one of the main occupational diseases in China.It affects the labors＇ health and social stability.According to the occupational disease accidents reports by Ministry of Health,the characteristics of occupational poisoning and occupational disease were summarized.The amount of occupational poisoning was the second biggest in occupational disease.A large proportion（12.8%-18%）of occupational disease accidents were occupational poisoning accidents.As for occupational poisoning accidents,the proportion of chronic occupational poisoning accidents was 60.4%-77.6 %;the proportion of accurate occupational poisoning accidents was 22.4%-39.6 %.The total amount of occupational poisoning was steady since 2000 to 2005 years,and it went up wavelike since 2006.But the amplitude was lower than that of the occupational disease.The total amount of accurate occupational poisoning accidents was downtrend contrary to that of the chronic occupational poisoning accidents.The former two chemicals caused accurate occupational poisoning accidents were carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide.Lead and lead compounds were the former two chemicals caused chronic occupational poisoning accidents.As for occupational poisoning control,it is very important to strengthen the supervision on occupational poisoning,as well as improve training effect.