Trends in food production and nitrous oxide emissions from the agriculture sector in India: environmental implications |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">V?Krishna?PrasadEmail author Ben?Stinner Deb?Stinner John?Cardina Richard?Moore Prabhat?K?Gupta Harao?Tsuruta Kiyoto?Tanabe K?V?S?Badarinath Casey?Hoy |
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Institution: | (1) Agroecosystem Management Program, Ohio State University, 201 Thorne Hall, Wooster, Ohio 44691 , USA;(2) National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India;(3) National Institute for Agroenvironmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan;(4) National Remote Sensing Agency, Hyderabad, India;(5) IPCC-TSU, Institute of Global Environmental Strategies, Shonan Village, Japan |
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Abstract: | We studied trends in food production and nitrous oxide emissions from India's agricultural sector between 1961 and 2000. Data
from Food and Agricultural Statistics (FAO) have been gathered covering production, consumption, fertilizer use and livestock
details. IPCC 1996 revised guidelines were followed in studying the variations in N2O-N emissions. Results suggest that total N2O-N emissions (direct, animal waste and indirect sources) increased ~6.1 times from ~0.048 to ~0.294 Tg N2O-N, over 40 years. Source-wise breakdown of emissions from 1961–2000 indicated that during 1961 most of the N2O-N inputs were from crop residues (61%) and biological nitrogen fixation (25%), while during 2000 the main sources were synthetic
fertilizer (~48%) and crop residues (19%). Direct emissions increased from ~0.031 to ~0.183 Tg. It is estimated that ~3.1%
of global N2O-N emissions comes from India. Trends in food production, primarily cereals (rice, wheat and coarse grains) and pulses, and
fertilizer consumption from 1961–2000 suggest that food production (cereals and pulses) increased only 3.7 times, while nitrogenous
fertilizer consumption increased ~43 times over this period, leading to extensive release of nitrogen to the atmosphere. From
this study, we infer that the challenge for Indian agriculture lies not only in increasing production but also in achieving
production stability while minimizing the impact to the environment, through various management and mitigation options. |
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Keywords: | Food production N2O-N emissions Agricultural soils India |
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