Dermal Insecticide Residues from Birds Inhabiting an Orchard |
| |
Authors: | Nimish B Vyas James W Spann Craig S Hulse Sallie Gentry Shannon L Borges |
| |
Institution: | (1) Beltsville Lab, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, c/o BARC-East Bldg 308, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA |
| |
Abstract: | The US Environmental Protection Agency conducts risk assessments of insecticide applications to wild birds using a model that
is limited to the dietary route of exposure. However, free-flying birds are also exposed to insecticides via the inhalation
and dermal routes. We measured azinphos-methyl residues on the skin plus feathers and the feet of brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) in order to quantify dermal exposure to songbirds that entered and inhabited an apple (Malus x domestica) orchard following an insecticide application. Exposure to azinphos-methyl was measured by sampling birds from an aviary
that was built around an apple tree. Birds sampled at 36 h and 7-day post-application were placed in the aviary within 1 h
after the application whereas birds exposed for 3 days were released into the aviary 4-day post-application. Residues on vegetation
and soil were also measured. Azinphos-methyl residues were detected from the skin plus feathers and the feet from all exposure
periods. Our results underscore the importance of incorporating dermal exposure into avian pesticide risk assessments. |
| |
Keywords: | Azinphos-methyl Exposure Feathers Feet Insecticide Skin |
本文献已被 PubMed SpringerLink 等数据库收录! |