生物活性物质改善水环境中重金属对生物的不利影响及其机制

重金属具有高毒性和不可降解等特点，对水生生物的生长、繁殖等产生危害，进而影响水生态系统的平衡.最近研究表明，自然环境中存在多种生物活性物质，或通过人工添加的方式改善重金属对生物的不利影响.这些研究对认识水环境中的自然净化、生态修复与水生态健康评估具有重要价值，但目前对生物活性物质改善作用的总结和深入机理研究还较少.因此，本文调查并总结了多种生物活性物质对水生生物重金属胁迫的改善作用，研究其可能的改善机制.对水生植物而言，生物活性物质主要通过调节植物抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽(AsA-GSH)循环、叶黄素循环以及维持植物光合色素平衡来改善重金属毒性；对于水生动物，生物活性物质主要通过缓解氧化应激、螯合重金属离子和维持肠道健康来减轻重金属毒性.因此，本文能为预防和改善水环境中重金属对生物的不利影响提供支持，并为进一步研究重金属的自然修复技术、污染控制及水质改善等方面提供科学依据，对水产养殖中生物的日常管理、生态系统的风险评估具有重要的指导价值.

Bioactive Substances Ameliorate Adverse Effects of Heavy Metals on Organisms in Aquatic Environments and Its Mechanism

Heavy metals are highly toxic and non-degradable, which pose a great threat to the growth and reproduction of aquatic organisms and then affect the balance of aquatic ecosystems. Recent studies show that there are many bioactive substances in the natural environment, and the adverse effects of heavy metals on organisms can be ameliorated by artificial addition. These studies are of great value for understanding the natural purification, ecological restoration and water ecological health assessment in the water environment, but at present, there are few summaries and in-depth mechanism studies on the amelioration of bioactive substances. Therefore, this study investigates and summarizes the amelioration effects of bioactive substances on heavy metal stress of aquatic organisms, and studies their possible amelioration mechanisms. For aquatic plants, bioactive substances mainly ameliorate the toxicity of heavy metals by regulating the ascorbic acid-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle and xanthophyll cycle, and maintaining the balance of photosynthetic pigments in plants. For aquatic animals, bioactive substances mainly reduce the toxicity of heavy metals by alleviating oxidative stress, chelating heavy metal ions and maintaining intestinal health. This study can provide support for preventing and ameliorating the adverse effects of heavy metals on organisms in aquatic environments, and provide scientific basis for further research on the natural remediation technology, pollution control and water quality improvement, which has important guiding value for daily management of organisms in aquaculture and risk assessment of ecosystems.