工业城市人为源VOCs排放特征及典型行业控制对策:以聊城市为例

近年来以PM_2.5和臭氧(O₃)为特征污染物的大气复合污染问题频发，VOCs是工业城市O₃和PM_2.5产生的重要前体物之一，明确VOCs排放来源及特征有利于精准减排以及PM_2.5和O₃协同控制措施的制定. 聊城市是山东省典型工业城市，PM_2.5和O₃分别是秋冬季、夏季的首要污染物. 本研究以聊城市为例，运用排放因子法构建2020年聊城市人为源VOCs排放清单，分析VOCs排放来源及特征并提出控制对策. 结果表明:①2020年聊城市VOCs排放总量为28 434.5 t，溶剂使用源(10 551.5 t)、工艺过程源(6 504.9 t)和移动源(6 311.1 t)为主要排放来源，总占比为82%，与其他工业城市情况相似. ②从空间分布来看，VOCs排放明显集中于城区，与工业企业及人口分布等具有密切联系. 茌平区及东昌府区VOCs排放量较大，分别为6 800.1、6 333.4 t. ③从三级排放源看，机动车(5 748.4 t)、木材生产及胶粘剂使用(4 586.7 t)、橡胶和塑料制品业(2 849.2 t)等VOCs排放量较大，且排放的特征组分对大气中O₃及二次有机气溶胶的生成影响较显著. ④通过对典型行业原辅材料和末端设施使用情况进行分析，发现建筑涂料使用、工业涂装和印刷印染行业溶剂型涂料使用量占比分别为49%、91%和56%，同时工业涂装、印刷印染以及石化与化工行业的高效末端设施使用数量占比总体不足20%，具有较大的减排潜力. 研究显示，聊城市工业VOCs排放源减排潜力较大，应尽快推进典型行业低挥发性溶剂和高效末端设施的替代升级. 

Characteristics of Anthropogenic VOCs Emissions in Industrial Cities and Typical Industry Control Measures: A Case Study of Liaocheng City

In recent years, combined air pollution with PM_2.5 and ozone (O₃) as the main pollutants occurs frequently. VOCs are one of the important precursors of O₃ and PM_2.5 in industrial cities. A clear understanding of the emission sources and characteristics of VOCs are important for the development of emission reduction and of PM_2.5 and O₃ collaborative control measures. Liaocheng is a typical industrial city in Shandong Province. PM_2.5 and O₃ are primary pollutants in winter and summer, respectively. Taking Liaocheng City as an example, this study used the emission factor method to construct the emission inventory of anthropogenic VOCs in Liaocheng City in 2020, analyzed the VOCs emission sources and characteristics, and put forward control measures. The results showed that: (1) In 2020, the total amount of VOCs emissions in Liaocheng City is 28,434.5 t, and the main emission sources are solvent use source (1,0551.5 t), industrial processing source (6,504.9 t), and motor vehicle source (6,311.1 t), accounting for 82%, which is similar to that in other industrial cities. (2) From the perspective of spatial distribution, VOCs emissions in urban areas are significantly concentrated, which is closely related to the distribution of industrial enterprises and population. Chiping District and Dongchangfu District have relatively large VOCs emissions, reaching 6,800.1 and 6,333.4 t, respectively. (3) From the tertiary emission sources, VOCs emissions from motor vehicles are 5,748.4 t, wood production and adhesive use are 4,586.7 t, rubber and plastic products industry is 2,849.2 t. The main components have a significant impact on the generation of O₃ and secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere. (4) Through the analysis of the use of raw and auxiliary materials and terminal facilities in typical industrial enterprises, it is found that the use of architectural coatings, industrial coating and printing and dyeing industry solvent coating accounts for 49%, 91% and 56%, respectively. Meanwhile, the number of efficient terminal facilities used in industrial coating, printing and dyeing, and petrochemical and chemical industries accounts for less than 20%, which has a great potential for emission reduction. The study showed that industrial VOCs emission sources in Liaocheng City have great emission reduction potential. The replacement and upgrading of low volatile solvents and efficient end facilities in typical industries should be promoted as soon as possible.