壳聚糖增强疏水性硅气凝胶的制备及其吸油性能研究

许多石油加工行业产生的大量含油废水引起的水污染问题对环境与人类健康构成严重威胁，因此，基于当前含油废水处理技术，绿色、高性能吸油材料的开发尤为重要. 本文采用溶胶-凝胶法和常压干燥法制备了壳聚糖改性二氧化硅气凝胶(CS-SAS)，通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外线光谱分析仪(FTIR)、电子万能试验机、热重分析仪、静态接触角测量仪等对材料进行表征测试，对比分析引入壳聚糖(CS)对纯硅气凝胶(SAS)结构性能的影响. 结果表明:CS-SAS是表面具有颗粒状的乳白色块体，添加少量壳聚糖粉末使二氧化硅球状小颗粒联结更紧密形成连续网络状结构，较SAS更加疏松多孔；壳聚糖的加入使得材料结构更加稳定，与SAS相比，CS-SAS的疏水性、热稳定性均有所改善，抗压性能明显增强，提升至66.2%，对多种油品和有机溶剂具有良好的吸附能力，在重复10次吸附-挤压回收试验后依然保持较强的吸附性能，最大吸附能力可达自身重量的12倍. 研究显示，经壳聚糖改性后的材料提高了对油水混合物的吸附性能和可重复使用性，可实现较低成本并且高效地进行油水分离的目的. 

Preparation and Oil Absorption Properties of Chitosan-Enhanced Hydrophobic Silica Aerogel

The water pollution problem caused by the large amount of oil-containing wastewater produced by many petroleum processing industries poses a serious threat to the environment and human health, the development of green and high-performance oil-absorbing materials is particularly important. In this paper, chitosan modified silicon dioxide aerogels (CS-SAS) were prepared by sol-gel method and atmospheric drying method. The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electronic universal testing machine, thermogravimetric analysis, static contact angle measurement, etc., the effect of chitosan (CS) on the structure and properties of pure silica aerogels (SAS) was analyzed. The results showed that the silica aerogel modified by chitosan had milky white particles on its surface, and the addition of a small amount of chitosan powder made the silicon dioxide spherical particles more tightly linked to form a continuous network structure, it is more porous than silicon dioxide aerogels, and the addition of chitosan makes the structure of the material more stable. Compared with silicon dioxide aerogels, the hydrophobicity and thermal stability of chitosan-silica aerogels are improved, the compression resistance of the material was obviously enhanced by 66.2%, and the material had good adsorption ability for many kinds of oil and organic solvents, the maximum adsorption capacity of it is 12 times of its own weight. The research shows that, the chitosan modified material can improve the absorbability and repeatability of oil-water mixture, and achieve the goal of low cost and efficient oil-water separation.