山东省AQI、颗粒物和臭氧时空演化特征及关键影响因素识别分析

山东省空气质量存在明显的时空差异，并受气象和社会经济因子等的综合影响.为了解山东省空气质量指数(AQI)以及颗粒物和臭氧(O₃)浓度等时空演化特征，探究颗粒物与O₃浓度之间的协同关系，基于山东省16个地级市2013年12月—2021年12月的AQI和空气污染物(SO₂、NO₂、CO、O₃、PM_2.5和PM₁₀)浓度数据与同期的气象数据、工业及生活污染物(氨氮、SO₂、氮氧化物和烟尘、粉尘等)排放量和社会经济数据，运用R语言和ArcGIS对各地区AQI与PM_2.5和O₃浓度等的时间和空间变化特征及关键影响因素识别分析.结果表明：(1)山东省AQI和空气污染物浓度具有明显的月际、季节和年际变化特征以及地区性差异.鲁东地区各季节空气质量明显优于鲁西地区，呈现由东向西空气污染愈加严重的趋势. PM_2.5浓度呈鲁西地区最高，鲁中、鲁南和鲁北地区次之，鲁东地区...

Temporal and Spatial Evolution Patterns of AQI,Particulate Matter,and Ozone in Shandong Province and Key Influencing Factors

Air quality in Shandong Province had significant temporal and spatial differences, which are influenced by a combination of meteorological and socio-economic factors. The temporal and spatial evolution patterns of the air quality index (AQI), particulate matter concentrations, and ozone (O₃) concentrations, as well as the synergistic interaction between particulate matter and O₃ concentrations in Shandong Province were investigated in the present study. We carried out related research based on the AQI and air pollutant concentration (SO₂, NO₂, CO, O₃, PM_2.5 and PM₁₀) data of 16 prefecture-level cities in Shandong Province from December 2013 to December 2021. The meteorological, industrial and domestic pollutant (ammonia nitrogen, SO₂, nitrogen oxide, soot and dust, etc.) emissions, socio-economic data, the temporal and spatial variation patterns and key influencing factors of AQI, PM_2.5 concentrations, and O₃ concentrations were analyzed using R programming language and ArcGIS. The results showed that: (1) AQI and air pollutant concentrations in Shandong Province showed monthly, seasonal, and inter-annual variation patterns and regional differences. The air quality in east Shandong was better than that in west Shandong, indicating a more serious air pollution trend from east to west. PM_2.5 concentration was highest in the western part of Shandong Province, followed by the central, southern and northern parts of Shandong Province, and the lowest PM_2.5 concentration was in the eastern part of Shandong Province. The difference in O₃ concentration between the eastern part of Shandong Province and other regions was large in summer, while the difference among all regions was small in other periods. (2) Sunshine duration, wind speed, inversion intensity, per capita GDP, the proportion of secondary industry, urbanization rate, ammonia nitrogen emissions, and SO₂ emissions were significant contributors to the inter-annual variation of AQI and PM_2.5 concentrations. While air temperature, relative humidity, energy consumption per 10,000-yuan GDP, nitrogen oxide emissions, and SO₂ emissions were significant contributors to the inter-annual variation of O₃ concentration. (3) As for meteorological factors, sunshine duration and wind speed accounted for 35.01% and 23.35% of the overall changes in air pollutant concentrations, respectively. Concerning industrial and domestic pollutant emission factors, nitrogen oxide and SO₂ emissions accounted for 25.07% and 49.01% of the overall change in air pollutant concentrations, respectively. While for socio-economic factors, the proportion of secondary industry and energy consumption per 10,000-yuan GDP accounted for 33.54% and 25.90% of the overall change in air pollutant concentrations, respectively. This study suggested that the PM_2.5 concentration decreased significantly in Shandong Province in recent years, but O₃ pollution was still serious. The current air pollution prevention work needs to enter a ‘season-year’, ‘city-region’, and other synergistic new situations.