黄石市大气二氧化氮健康效应与人群暴露风险

为揭示黄石市二氧化氮(NO₂)的健康效应和人群暴露风险特征,收集2015～2020年黄石市NO₂浓度、非意外死亡、呼吸系统和循环系统疾病每日死亡人数、内科疾病每日住院人数以及气象要素等资料,探究了黄石市NO₂时空变化,采用时间序列的半参数广义相加模型(GAM)定量评价NO₂对黄石市死亡病例和内科住院病例人数的影响,并对居民的暴露风险(R*)进行评估.结果表明:黄石市NO₂的浓度年内变化呈“U”型,春冬污染较严重,人群密集和工业区NO₂浓度稍高.在最佳滞后时间下,NO₂浓度每增加10μg/m³,非意外死亡、呼吸系统和循环系统病例的死亡人数在lag01、lag3、lag1时达到最大,增加百分比(ER)值分别为1.93%(95%CI:-2.10,6.14),2.13%(95%CI:-6.56,11.62),4.82%(95%CI:-0.22,10.02),内科疾病每日住院人数在lag05时达到最大,增加百分比(IP)值...

Health effects and population exposure risk of nitrogen dioxide in Huangshi City

In order to reveal the characteristics of health effects and population exposure risk of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) in Huangshi City, NO₂ concentration, non-accidental deaths, daily deaths from respiratory and circulatory diseases, daily hospitalizations for medical diseases, and meteorological elements in Huangshi city from 2015 to 2020 were collected. Based on these data, the spatial and temporal variation of NO₂ was explored, the effect of NO₂ on the number of fatal cases and internal medicine hospitalizations was quantitatively evaluated by using a semi-parametric generalized additive model (GAM), and the exposure risk (R^*) of residents was evaluated. The intra-annual variation of NO₂ concentration in Huangshi was "U" shaped, with more serious pollution in spring and winter, and slightly higher NO₂ concentration in densely populated and industrial areas. At the optimal lag time, with each 10µg/m³ increase in NO₂ concentration, the number of deaths in non-accidental, respiratory, and circulatory cases reached the maximum at lag01, lag3, lag1, with percentage increase (ER) values of 1.93% (95%CI: -2.10, 6.14), 2.13%, (95%CI: -6.56, 11.62), 4.82% (95%CI: -0.22, 10.02), respectively. The number of daily hospitalizations for internal medical diseases reached the maximum at lag05 with a percentage increase (IP) value of 5.34% (95% CI: 3.58, 7.14). Focus on the gender attributes of hospitalized cases, the male group was more sensitive to NO₂ exposure; Focus on age attributes, the 18~60 years group was more sensitive to NO₂ exposure; Focus on medical disease attributes, patients with renal failure were more sensitive to NO₂ exposure. Assess the population exposure risk of NO₂, the highest R^* was found for adolescents in the age group of 9~12 years. The adult population had the highest R^* for males in the 18~45 age group and the highest R^* for females in the 80+ age group. The seasonal ranking of the mean R^* for all age groups was spring > autumn > winter > summer.