碳捕集与封存技术适用风险预防原则的理论建构与路径完善

以碳捕集与封存为典型的新兴技术在应对气候变化上的降碳功能显著，但该技术颇具不确定性。“决策于未知”成为政府规制技术风险的真实写照，如何在鼓励碳捕集与封存技术发展，助力“双碳”目标实现的同时，应对随之而来的风险挑战与安全诉求，既是国家必须肩负的义务，也是回应公众期待的内在要求。应运而生的风险预防原则作为应对气候变化的重要举措，为技术风险规制提供了合法性与正当性基础，对于碳捕获、封存技术发展与碳中和目标实现具有重要现实意义。为此，风险预防原则在技术规制中，应当整体遵循弱风险预防理念，彰显秩序、正义和效率的多元价值诉求，实现科学理性与社会理性的平衡。在此基础上，通过多手段的综合应用，开放的风险决策结构，强化风险管理的动态调试，以预防性环境行政公益诉讼为保障，将风险预防原则融汇于碳捕集与封存技术风险规制中。

Theoretical Construction and Path Improvement of Risk Prevention Principle Applicable to Carbon Capture and Storage Technology

Emerging technologies, such as carbon capture and sequestration, are surprisingly powerful in tackling climate change, but they are highly uncertain. “Decision-making in the unknown” has become a true portrayal of government regulatory technology risks. How to encourage the development of carbon capture and carbon storage technology and help realize the “dual carbon goal”, while dealing with the ensuing risks and challenges and safety demands, is not only the obligation that China must shoulder, but also the inherent requirement of responding to the public’s expectations. As an important measure to deal with climate change, the principle of risk prevention comes into being provides the legal and legitimate basis for technical risk regulation, and has important practical significance for the realization of carbon capture and carbon neutrality. Therefore, the risk prevention principle should follow the weak risk prevention concept in the technical regulation, highlight the multiple value demands of order, justice and efficiency, and realize the balance between scientific rationality and social rationality. On this basis, through the comprehensive application of multiple means, open risk decision-making structure, strengthen the dynamic debugging of risk management, with the prevention of environmental administrative public interest litigation as the guarantee, the risk prevention principle is integrated into the carbon capture and carbon sequestration technology risk regulation.