作业补贴与农户绿色生态农业技术采用行为研究

绿色生态农业技术是农业可持续发展的关键,中国提出建立以绿色生态为导向的农业补贴制度,探索政府购买服务等作业补贴方式,促进绿色生态农业技术推广。但是“补给谁”“如何补”“补多少”等政策操作问题尚未很好解决。本文以农作物秸秆机械化还田技术作业补贴为例,基于江苏、山东、黑龙江三省622户农户2018年实地调查数据,综合评估了绿色生态农业技术作业补贴政策及补贴方式(即补贴种植户和补贴作业服务组织)对农户绿色生态农业技术采用行为的影响。结果表明:第一,作业补贴政策对农户是否采用绿色生态农业技术和采用时间均有显著正向影响,补贴发放给农户的地区,农户更倾向于采用绿色生态农业技术,且采用时间更早。第二,相对于无农机的农户而言,有农机的农户更倾向于采用生态农业技术,且采用时间更早。第三,农户受教育程度、家庭劳动力人数、是否规模户、技术培训对农户是否采用生态农业技术和采用时间有显著正向影响。第四,农户类型、是否加入农民专业合作社、家庭劳动力人数、技术培训对农户是否获得补贴有显著正向影响。据此,政府需要继续扩大绿色生态农业补贴的技术类型及实施区域,适当提高重点区域补贴额度,补贴对象应当向种植户倾斜;为农户提供技术指导服务,加强绿色生态农业技术培训,提升农户生态农业理念;根据不同规模种植户禀赋特征制定相应推广政策,让不同类型农户享受到绿色生态农业技术的益处;鼓励获得补贴的农机户或服务组织等积极提供生态农业技术作业服务,使其真正成为推动农户采用绿色生态农业技术的重要途径。

Subsidy policy and green ecological agricultural technology adoption behavior of farmers

Green ecological agriculture technology is the key to sustainable agricultural development.China has proposed to establish a green ecological-oriented agricultural subsidy system,explore the government’s purchase of services and other modes of operation subsidy,and promote the promotion of green eco-agricultural technology,but the policy operation problems of‘who to supply’,‘how to make up’and‘how much to make up’have not yet been solved.This paper takes straw return-to-field subsidy as an example,based on the field survey data of 622 farmers in Jiangsu,Shandong and Heilongjiang provinces in 2017,and comprehensively evaluates the effect of ecological agricultural technology operation subsidy policy and the influence of subsidy mode(i.e.,subsidize actual growers and subsidize operation service organization).The results show that,firstly,the ecological agricultural technology operation subsidy policy has a significant positive impact on whether farmers adopt ecological agriculture technology and adoption time.The payment of subsidies to farmers has a significant positive impact on whether to adopt ecological agriculture technology and adoption time.Secondly,compared with farmers without agricultural machinery,farmers with agricultural machinery tend to adopt ecological agriculture technology,and adopt it earlier.Thirdly,the education level of farmers,the amount of labor forces,whether they are the scale households,and technical training,have significant positive impacts on whether farmers adopt ecological agriculture technology and adoption time.Fourthly,the type of farmers,whether to join professional farmer cooperative organizations,the amount of labor forces,and technical training,have significant positive impacts on whether farmers can get subsidies.Accordingly,the government should expand the technical type and area of ecological agricultural technology operation subsidy,properly increase subsidies in key regions,and tilt subsidy to planting farmers;provide technical guidance services for farmers,strengthen technical training of green eco-agriculture,and improve farmers’ecological agriculture awareness;formulate corresponding promotion policies according to the endowment characteristics of different scale households,so that different types of farmers can enjoy the benefits of green eco-agricultural technology;encourage subsidized farmers with agricultural machinery or service organizations to provide ecological agricultural technical operation services to others,thus forming an important way to promote farmers to adopt green ecological agricultural technology.