社会资本对农村贫困代际传递影响机制研究

社会资本在反贫困领域的重要作用已被理论和实践所证实。在新时代脱贫攻坚的决胜阶段,有效发挥社会资本的周急济贫功能,缓解乃至阻断贫困代际传递,已成为当前反贫困战略推进中亟待探讨的问题。研究整合了四期中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS 2010、2012、2014、2016)个体家庭和村庄的嵌套数据,建立了“认知型”和“结构型”两种类型以及“个体家庭”和“村庄”两个层级的社会资本框架,并基于探索性因子分析构建了社会网络、社会信任、社会声望、社会参与、集体参与以及公共服务6个社会资本变量。研究利用HLM软件构建了多层广义线性模型(HGLM),通过四阶段的空模型、截距模型、随机效应模型以及完整模型分析了绝对贫困背景下社会资本对农村贫困代际传递的影响机制。研究结果表明:①个体社会资本总量与贫困代际传递呈显著负相关。②在个体家庭层面,社会网络、社会声望、社会参与对贫困代际传递有显著负向影响,但社会信任和地方信任对贫困代际传递的影响并不显著。③在村庄层面,公共服务对贫困代际传递具有显著负向影响,集体参与对贫困代际传递具有显著正向影响,且公共服务水平对社会网络和贫困代际传递具有正向调节作用。研究提出要大力培植贫困群体和乡村两个层级的社会资本以缓解农村贫困代际传递趋势:①要通过协调“乡政”与“村治”以形成良性的乡村治理格局。②要促进精准扶贫与乡村振兴战略紧密衔接,在保障个体脱贫的同时完善农村公共服务及基础设施建设,推进城乡基本公共服务均等化;③须提振贫困群体脱贫信心,增强村级自治与集体参与的水平和能力。

Research on the influence mechanism of social capital on intergenerational transmission of rural poverty

The important function of social capital in anti-poverty field has been proved by theory and practice.In the decisive stage of poverty alleviation in the new era,it has become an urgent issue to be discussed in the current anti-poverty strategy to give full play to the function of helping people in need or in poverty of social capital to alleviate or even stop intergenerational transmission of poverty.The research integrates the nested data of individual families and villages in the four phases of Chinese family tracking survey(CFPS 2010,2012,2014 and 2016),and establishes a social capital framework of‘cognitive’and‘structural’types and two levels of‘individual family’and‘village’.The social capital framework including‘cognitive’and‘structural’types as well as two layers of‘individual family’and‘village’is established.Based on exploratory factor analysis,six social capital variables including social network,social trust,social prestige,social participation,collective participation and public service are constructed.The hierarchical generalized linear models(HGLM)is constructed by HLM software,and the influence mechanism of social capital on the intergenerational transmission of rural poverty is analyzed through the four-stage null model,intercept model,random effect model and complete model under the background of absolute poverty.The results prove that:①The total amount of individual social capital is negatively correlated with the intergenerational transmission of poverty.②At the individual family level,social network,social prestige and social participation have significant negative effects on intergenerational transmission of poverty,but social trust and local trust have no significant effects on intergenerational transmission of poverty.③At the village level,public service have a significant negative impact on intergenerational transmission of poverty,collective participation has a significant positive impact on intergenerational transmission of poverty,and moreover,the level of public service has a positive regulating effect on social network and intergenerational transmission of poverty.The research suggests that we should cultivate social capital at the two layers of the poor group and the village to alleviate the intergenerational transmission trend of rural poverty:①We need to coordinate‘township administration’and‘village governance’to form a benign rural governance pattern.②Targeted poverty alleviation and rural revitalization should be closely linked.When individuals are lifted out of poverty,we should also improve public service and infrastructure in rural areas,and promote equal access to basic public service in urban and rural areas.③We need to boost the confidence of the poor group to lift themselves out of poverty,as well as enhance the level and ability of village autonomy and collective participation.