建设用地空间错配理论、机制与效益损失:基于湖北省的实证

研究建设用地空间错配特征及内在机制,对纠正土地资源错配、优化土地资源配置机制具有现实意义。基于资源错配理论对土地资源错配理论开展梳理,提出建设用地错配机制假说,运用边际分析法和计量方法构建建设用地空间错配测度模型及机制检验模型,并以湖北省为例进行实证研究。结果表明:①1996—2017年湖北省建设用地过度错配与短缺错配并存,空间错配程度总体上有所改善,但局部地区错配程度加剧。②土地负外部性扩散、非均衡发展、非市场化供应、土地财政依赖等加剧了建设用地空间错配,优化产业结构、减少政府腐败、发展多元所有制等有利于降低建设用地空间错配程度。③1996—2017年湖北省建设用地空间错配效率损失由6.92%下降到3.84%,年均减少2.03%,效率损失得到缓解。④从损失值看,湖北省建设用地空间错配效率损失严重,1996—2017年累计经济损失达3.90×10^4亿元。主要结论:建设用地空间错配测度模型兼顾了土地配置的效率与公平,可以作为建设用地空间错配程度衡量的有效方法;建设用地空间错配已经成为阻碍经济增长的重要因素之一,纠正建设用地空间错配,能有效促进区域经济增长;土地市场配置和政府主导配置均会带来建设用地空间错配,建设用地配置中一个“有效的市场”与“有为的政府”结合十分必要且迫切。

Theory,mechanism and benefit loss of spatial misallocation ofconstruction land:an empirical analysis based on Hubei Province

Studying the spatial misallocation characteristics and internal mechanisms of construction land is of considerable realistic significance for correcting the misallocation and optimizing the allocation of land resources.Based on the resource mismatch theory,this paper classifies the theory of land resource misallocation,proposes the hypothesis of misallocation mechanism of construction land,constructs the spatial misallocation measurement model and mechanism test model of construction land through the methods of marginal analysis and econometric analysis,and empirically demonstrates Hubei Province as an example.The results show that:①From 1996 to 2017,the excessive misallocation and shortage misallocation of construction land coexisted in Hubei Province,and the overall degree of spatial misallocation improved,but the degree of misallocation in local areas increased.②Land negative externality diffusion,unbalanced development,non-market supply and reliance on land revenue have intensified the degree of construction land spatial misallocation;on the contrary,optimizing industrial structure,reducing government corruption and developing diversified ownership could reduce the degree of construction land spatial misallocation.③From 1996 to 2017,the loss of space misallocation efficiency of construction land decreased from 6.92%to 3.84%in Hubei Province,with an average annual reduction of 2.03%,and the efficiency loss was alleviated.④The loss value of space misallocation efficiency of construction land in Hubei Province was serious,and the accumulated economic losses reached 3.90 trillion yuan in 1996 to 2017.The main conclusions:the spatial misallocation measurement model of construction land should take the efficiency and fairness of land allocation into account,and it can be used as an effective method to measure the spatial misallocation of construction land;The spatial misallocation of construction land has become one of the important factors which hinder economic growth,therefore,correcting spatial misallocation of construction land can effectively promote regional economic growth;Land market allocation and government-led allocation both will cause the problem of spatial misallocation of construction land,so it is necessary to combine an‘effective market’with‘promising government’for construction land allocation.